铁棒锤和土壤水浸提液对5种禾草的潜在化感效应

Potential Allelopathic Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Aconitum pendulum and Soil on Five Gramineous Forages

为探讨铁棒锤和不同土壤对同德老芒麦、垂穗披碱草、青海草地早熟禾、青海冷地早熟禾和青海中华羊茅的化感效应,通过室内生物学实验研究了铁棒锤整株和粉末浸提液,以及铁棒锤根际、退化天然草甸、未退化天然草甸、退化人工草地和未退化人工草地土壤浸提液对5种禾草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:铁棒锤整株浸提液对同德老芒麦种子的发芽有促进作用;铁棒锤整株和粉末浸提液对青海冷地早熟禾、青海中华羊茅、垂穗披碱草以及青海草地早熟禾种子发芽均有抑制作用,且粉末浸提液对禾草种子发芽的抑制作用比整株浸提液的抑制作用显著。几种土壤浸提液对青海中华羊茅种子的发芽均有显著的抑制作用。铁棒锤粉末浸提液对同德老芒麦、垂穗披碱草、青海草地早熟禾和青海冷地早熟禾的根长具有显著的抑制作用。铁棒锤和不同土壤水浸提液对5种禾草的综合化感效应表现为:铁棒锤整株浸提液对青海中华羊茅的化感效应最强,对同德老芒麦则最弱,而粉末浸提液对青海冷地早熟禾的化感效应最强,对同德老芒麦最弱;不同土壤浸提液对青海中华羊茅的化感效应最强,对垂穗披碱草最弱。铁棒锤和不同土壤浸提液对5种禾草种子发芽和幼苗生长均有不同程度的化感潜力。

To explore the allelopathic effects of Aconitum pendulum and different grassland soil types on five gramineous forages(Elymus sibiricus cv.Tongde,Elymus nutans,Poa pratensis cv.Qinghai,Poa crymophila cv.Qinghai and Festuca sinensis cv.Qinghai),these gramineous forage seed germination and seedling growth were investigated in the laboratory by using Aconitum pendulum aqueous extract(whole plant and powder)and soil aqueous extracts(Aconitum pendulum rhizosphere,degraded natural meadow,undegraded natural meadow,degraded cultivated pasture and undegraded cultivated pasture).The results showed that whole plant extract of Aconitum pendulum promoted seed germination of Elymus sibiricus cv.Tongde,while whole plant and powder extract of Aconitum pendulum inhibited seed germination of Elymus nutans,Poa pratensis cv.Qinghai,Poa crymophila cv.Qinghai and Festuca sinensis cv.Qinghai.The inhibitory effects of Aconitum pendulum powder extracts on seed germination were greater than that of whole plant extracts.Aqueous extract of Aconitum pendulum powder had a significant inhibition on root length of Elymus sibiricus cv.Tongde,Elymus nutans,Poa pratensis cv.Qinghai and Poa crymophila cv.Qinghai.The whole Aconitum pendulum extracts had the strongest allelopathic effects(CE)on Festuca sinensis cv.Qinghai(CE=39.45%)and the weakest CE on Elymus sibiricus cv.Tongde(CE=3.72%).Aconitum pendulum powder extract had the strongest CE on Poa crymophila cv.Qinghai(CE=56.63%)and the weakest CE on Elymus sibiricus cv.Tongde(CE=18.17%).Soil extracts had the strongest CE on Festuca sinensis cv.Qinghai(CE=53.59%)and the weakest CE on Elymus nutans(CE=6.61%).In conclusion,aqueous extracts of Aconitum pendulum and different soil types had variety of allelopathic effects on seed germination and seedling growth of five grass species.