毛细管超速离心法在临床输血中的应用

Application of capillary ultracentrifugation in clinical blood transfusion

目的:利用毛细管超速离心技术鉴定新旧红细胞血型抗原,以便临床血型鉴定、抗体筛查,进而保证临床合理配血,确保输血安全。方法:对2015-01—2018-12多次输血交叉配血不合及疑难血型等21例患者进行分类,运用毛细管超速离心方法,分离新旧红细胞或输注红细胞,进行红细胞ABO血型抗原鉴定,Rh系统或及其他系统血型抗原鉴定,直接抗人球蛋白试验鉴定,明确鉴定血型及相应红细胞血型抗体。结果:经毛细管超速离心后,基本明确了2例患者血型,19例患者不规则抗体的特性,同时提示患者的直接抗人球试验阳性多为溶血性输血反应引起。结论:运用毛细管超速离心方法能够完善疑难血型鉴定,红细胞血型抗体的鉴定,有利于保障临床输血安全。

Objective:To identify new and old red blood cell antigens using capillary ultracentrifugation in order to perform clinical antibody screening and ensure rational blood matching and blood transfusion safety. Method:Twenty-one cases including unmatched blood type by cross-matching method and complicated blood type from January,2015 to December,2018 in the department were classified.The old and new red blood cells and transfusion blood cells were separated by capillary ultracentrifugation,followed by the identification of ABO,Rh or other blood antigen,direct antiglobulin test,blood type and corresponding red blood cell type antibodies. Result:After capillary ultracentrifugation, the blood groups of 2 patients and the characteristics of irregular antibodies in 19 patients were identified, and it was suggested that the positive results of direct antiglobulin test were mostly caused by hemolytic transfusion reaction. Conclusion:Capillary ultracentrifugation could improve the identification of complicated blood types and RBC antibodies,which was helpful to the safety of clinical blood transfusion.