从西方现代艺术教育看中国美育之路

On the Way of Chinese Aesthetic Education from the Perspective of Western Modern Art Education

当代中国的美育建设需要考虑两大问题:其一是如何完善个体的精神境界,其二则是如何提高人的综合素质,培养创新性人才。这两方面都要求美育建设在协调个体发展与社会发展需求上持续发力。20世纪欧美艺术教育发展过程中的三大思潮与两大脉络,以及以联合国教科文组织为代表的人文教育及艺术教育策略,都表明了美育在此问题上具备的潜力。美育一方面可以通过个人内在审美能力的不断扩展,实现个人自由自律与社会秩序的协调。另一方面,作为美育培养核心的想象力、创造力、共情力、沟通力、社会理解力等素养,也能推动认知能力与社会参与能力的提高。鉴于此,我国的美育建设应考虑在人格完善与能力完善的素质培养方面持续投入,并通过专业课堂—跨学科—社区化三层面以及受教育者与教育者自身素质的提高这两环节来整体布局。

There are two major issues to be considered in the construction of aesthetic education in contemporary China:one is on how to perfect individual inwardness,and the other is on how to improve people’s comprehensive quality and cultivatein novative talents.Both issues require that continuous efforts be made in constructing aesthetic education to coordinate the needs of individual development and social development.In the 20th century,there re three thought and two trends in the development of art education in Europe and the United States,we also can see the strategies of humanistic education and art education which were put forward by UNESCO,all of them show the value of aesthetic education in this field.On the one hand,aesthetic education can realize the coordination between individual freedom,self-discipline and social order through continuously improving people’s inner aesthetic ability.On the other hand,abilities like imagination,creativity,empathy,communication and social comprehension,as the core of aesthetic education,can also further improve cognitive competence and social participation.As a result,China’s construction of aesthetic education should focus continuously on the quality education,including personality and ability improvement,and should be comprehensively arranged across the three levels which are professional education in classroom,interdisciplinary education and community education.We also need to pay attention to improving the literacy of both the educated and the educators.