土壤健康与农业绿色发展:机遇与对策

Soil Health and Agriculture Green Development:Opportunities and Challenges

农业绿色发展是农业现代化的必由之路,土壤健康是农业绿色发展的基石。本文系统总结了国内外有关土壤健康的内涵、研究进展和发展趋势,探讨了提升土壤健康的途径和对策,并对我国未来健康土壤培育工程提出了建议和展望。健康土壤培育的核心是消除土壤障碍因子,深入挖掘土壤生物学潜力,增碳提高资源效率,强化生物学过程,协同地上和地下生物互作。通过优化土壤内部调节过程,最小化外部的投入,以实现土壤生产功能和其他生态服务的同步提升。健康土壤的培育是一个系统工程,需要对投入品-生产过程-产品品质-产品加工-废弃物循环等全产业链进行系统综合考虑,多学科交叉创新,政产学研用一体化联合攻关,同时还需要政策保障和激励措施,需要全社会行动起来。

Agriculture green development(AGD)is the future for modern agriculture,and soil health is the cornerstone of AGD.This article summarized the connotation,research progress and trend of soil health in domestic and overseas.By summarizing the main management strategies for healthy soil cultivation,this paper puts forward novel ideas and approaches for promoting soil health,and discusses the challenges and opportunities for soil health engineering.The cores for the promotion of healthy soils are;eliminating the limiting factors of soils;increasing the content of soil organic carbon and nutrient use efficiency;exploiting the biological potentials;promoting synergistic interactions between above-ground and below-ground.The aim of soil health engineering is to synergize the production and other ecosystem services delivered by soils by optimizing the internal regulatory processes whilst minimizing the external inputs.The cultivation of healthy soil needs holistic engineering,which requires comprehensive integration of whole industry chain in the nexus of external input,crop production,products-processing,and waste recycling.Meanwhile,cross-disciplinary innovation,government-farmer-research-extension institute collaboration,and policy support and incentive systems are crucial for realizing soil health towards AGD.