乳酸菌产共轭亚油酸研究现状

Research progress on conjugated linoleic acid produced by Lactobacillus

共轭亚油酸(conjugated linoleic acid,CLA)是十八碳二烯酸的异构体。通过食物摄入的CLA不能达到每日推荐摄入量,而CLA又具有减肥、抗癌、抗Ⅱ型糖尿病等多种生理功能,故CLA逐渐成为研究热点。与化学合成CLA相比,微生物合成CLA更具有优势。乳酸菌(lactic acid bacteria,LAB)具有安全性和益生功能,利用乳酸菌合成CLA是一个理想的途径。目前已发现多种产CLA乳酸菌,人们使用乳酸菌发酵油酸、牛乳、植物油合成CLA,并取得了良好的效果。亚油酸异构酶(linoleate isomerase,LAI)对乳酸菌合成CLA起重要作用,但其对乳酸菌合成CLA的作用机理还不明确。一些学者对乳酸菌合成CLA的中间产物进行了研究,发现乳酸菌合成CLA有多种中间产物。乳酸菌合成CLA的代谢机制目前尚不清楚。乳酸菌合成CLA对食品工业有重要意义,也为功能性食品的开发提供了新机遇。本文主要对CLA的生理功能、产CLA乳酸菌、乳酸菌合成CLA的底物、乳酸菌合成CLA的途径进行了概述。

Conjugated linoleic acid(CLA)is an isomer of octadecadienoic acid.CLA intaken through food cannot reach the recommended daily intake,and there are many physiological functions about CLA,such as weight loss,anti-cancer,anti-type 2 diabetes,etc.,so the CLA has gradually become a hot research topic.Compared with chemically synthesized CLA,CLA of microbial synthesis has more advantages.Lactic acid bacteria has safety and probiotic functions.The use of lactic acid bacteria to synthesize CLA is an ideal method.A variety of CLA-producing lactic acid bacteria have been found,people use lactic acid bacteria to ferment oleic acid,milk,and vegetable oil to produce CLA,and have achieved good results.Linoleic acid isomerase is important for synthesis of CLA by lactic acid bacteria,but its mechanism for the synthesis of CLA by lactic acid bacteria is not clear.Some scholars have studied the intermediate products of lactic acid bacteria to produce CLA,and found that there were many intermediate products of lactic acid bacteria to produce CLA.The metabolic mechanism of lactic acid bacteria to produce CLA is unclear.The produce of CLA by lactic acid bacteria is significance to the food industry and also provides new opportunities for the development of functional foods.This article provided an overview of the physiological functions of CLA,CLA-producing lactic acid bacteria,substrates for lactic acid bacteria to synthesize CLA,and the ways for lactic acid bacteria to synthesize CLA.