成熟度对红地球葡萄品质的影响

Effects of maturity on quality of red globe grape(Vitis vinifera L.)

目的比较不同成熟度对红地球葡萄(VitisviniferaL.)品质的影响。方法采用国家标准方法,对不同成熟度(盛花后88~123d)红地球葡萄的外观品质和内在营养品质进行比较分析。结果红地球葡萄的外观品质随着采摘期变化而变化,但是果形指数均维持在1.13以上,组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。红地球葡萄果实中纤维、灰分、可溶性固形物(soluble solids,SS)、还原糖、蔗糖、抗坏血酸(ascorbic acid,ASA)和磷含量随采摘期延长而增加(P<0.05),而水分和总酸的含量显著下降(P<0.05)。Ca、Fe、Mg和K含量呈现先降后升趋势,组间均存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。过熟期葡萄Ca、Fe含量显著低于始熟期(P<0.05),而Mg、P、K含量则显著低于始熟期(P<0.05)。矿物质的含量顺序为:K>P>Mg>Ca>Fe;P、Ca、Fe含量均与单果重、总酸之间具有较强的线性关系。水分、纤维、灰分、可溶性固形物、还原糖、蔗糖、总酸和抗坏血酸两两间也具有较强的线性关系。结论不同成熟度红地球葡萄外观品质变化不显著(P>0.05),但组间内在营养差异显著(P<0.05)。研究结果可为红地球葡萄的开发使用提供理论参考。

Objective To explore the effects of different maturity on quality of red globe grape(Vitis vinifera L.).Methods The appearance quality and internal nutrition of red globe grape with different maturity(88–123 d after flowering)were compared and analyzed by using national standard method.Results The appearance of grape changed during the whole harvested period,however,the shape indexes of all groups were higher than 1.13,with no significant difference between the groups(P>0.05).The content of fiber,ash,soluble solids(SS),reducing sugar,sucrose,ascorbic acid(ASA),and phosphorus in grapes increased during the harvested period(P<0.05),while the content of moisture and total acids decreased(P<0.05).Content of Ca,Fe,Mg and K showed a trend of first declining and then increasing and there was significant difference between the groups(P<0.05).The content of Ca and Fe in overripe grape was significantly lower than that in initial ripening grape(P<0.05),which showed opposite trend for the content of Mg,P,and K.The content of mineral showed a trend as following:K>P>Mg>Ca>Fe and a strong relationship was found between P,Ca,Fe and fruit weight,total acids.For moisture,fiber,ash,SS,reducing sugar,sucrose,total acid and ASA,the similar relationship was found between any 2 components.Conclusion The appearance quality of red globe grape with different maturity is similar(P>0.05).However,the internal nutrition of grape with different maturity is significantly different(P<0.05).The results should be used as a reference for choosing the grape based on different purposes.