食源性致病菌单增李斯特菌检测技术的研究进展

Research progress of detection technology for food-borne pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes

单增李斯特菌是一种兼性厌氧性食源性致病菌,对低温、高盐及消毒剂的抵抗力很强,感染后可能产生低热、高热或其他全身性疾病,免疫力低下的人可能会引起肠胃炎、孕妇流产、早产或死产,甚至会产生脑膜炎。LM的传统检测方法是先进行增菌,再经过氧化氢酶试验、溶血试验、血清学试验等进行鉴定,操作性强、灵敏度高、成本低,但是检测周期长达7 d,无法对目标食物进行快速检测。本文综述了振动光谱学检测方法、免疫学检测方法、分子生物学检测方法、代谢组学检测法、生物传感器等食源性单增李斯特菌的检测方法,并比较其优缺点,以期为食品中LM的快速检测方法的研究提供参考。

Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative anaerobic food-borne pathogen.It has strong resistance to low temperature,high salt and disinfectants.It may produce low fever,high fever or other systemic diseases after infection.People with low immunity may cause gastroenteritis,miscarriage of pregnant women,premature delivery or stillbirth,and even produce meningitis.The traditional detection method of Listeria monocytogenes was to increase bacteria first,and then to identity it by the hydrogen peroxide enzyme experiment,hemolysis experiment and serological experiment.It has strong operability,high sensitivity,and low cost,but the test period is as long as 7 days,which is impossible to detect the target food quickly.This paper reviewed the detection methods of food-borne Listeria monocytogenes such as vibration spectroscopy detection methods,immunological detection methods,molecular biology detection methods,metabolomics detection methods,biosensors,etc.,and compared their advantages and disadvantages,so as to provide a reference for the research of rapid detection methods of Listeria monocytogenes in food.