公众参与食品安全风险治理的现实困境与对策

Realistic predicament and countermeasures of the public participation in food safety risk governance

食品安全社会共治已然成为现阶段国家食品安全治理体系和治理能力现代化改革和创新的基本共识,初步形成了"企业自律、政府监管、社会协同、公众参与、法治保障"整体格局。本文综述了当前公众参与社会共治的诸多障碍,既有风险评估过程的"排他性"、风险交流流于形式、信息公开不全和滞后等政府制度规制问题,还有公众参与意愿不强和参与能力不足等自身问题。提出了应当从健全公众参与风险治理机制、完善信息披露制度、强化司法救济、优化公众参与激励机制和加强食品安全教育等多举措并举,提高公众参与风险治理的能力和积极性,旨在保障公众参与食品安全风险治理的有效实现,为深化社会共治格局提供参考。

Social co-governance has become the basic consensus of modern governance system and governance capabilities reform and innovation of the national food safety at the present stage,which contains enterprise self-discipline,government oversight,social cooperation,public participation and legal safeguard.There are still many obstacles for the public to participate the multi-governance,including government regulation system such as the exclusiveness of risk assessment,risk communication in form and incomplete information,as well as public defects for instance weak public willingness and insufficient participation capacity.To overcome the above dilemma,we should improve the public participation mechanism in risk management and the information disclosure system,strengthen judicial remedy relief,optimize the incentive mechanism for public participation and intensify food safety education,so as to improve the capacity and enthusiasm of public participation in risk governance for ensuring the effective realization.The aim is to ensure the effective realization of public participation in food safety risk management and provide reference for deepening the pattern of social co-governance.