安徽省安庆市新型冠状病毒肺炎患者流行病学及临床特征分析

Analysis of epidemiological and clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 patients in Anqing city of Anhui province

目的探讨安徽省安庆市新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19,简称新冠肺炎)患者的流行病学及临床特征。方法采用回顾性研究方法,纳入2020年1月23日—2020年2月11日在安庆市三甲医院确诊的80例COVID-19患者,对其流行病学及临床资料进行收集。结果80例确诊患者分布于安庆各地区,其中有武汉暴露史者47例(58.8%),密切接触新冠肺炎患者引起发病者29例(36.2%),暴露史不明确者4例(5.0%)。确诊患者中男女性别比为3:2,平均年龄42.2岁,职业以工人/农民为主(42.5%)。80例确诊患者有8例(10.0%)在就诊时无任何症状,其余72例(90.0%)患者从发病到就诊中位时间为5.0 d。临床症状主要包括:发热62例(77.5%)、干咳34例(42.5%)、乏力29例(36.3%)等。实验室检查结果一般表现为白细胞降低17例(21.3%)、淋巴细胞降低34例(42.5%)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(activated partial thromboplastin time,APTT)时间延长46例(57.5%)、C反应蛋水平升高49例(61.3%),个别患者存在肝肾功能损害。多数患者的CT影像学改变以磨玻璃样阴影(60.0%)和斑片状阴影(25.0%)为主,累及双肺患者(68.8%)多于单肺患者(21.3%)。治疗以α-干扰素雾化吸入、洛匹那韦/利托那韦、中药制剂等为主,80例患者均预后良好。结论COVID-19传染性强,隐匿性强,应对重点人群强化管理及自我防护,对密切接触者早发现、早隔离、早诊断、早治疗。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)cases in Anqing city of Anhui province.Methods The epidemiological and clinical data of 80 COVID-19 patients diagnosed in a tertiary hospital of Anqing area from the January 23 to February 11,2020 were collected,and the data were analyzed with a retrospective study.Results The 80 patients distributed in each county of Anqing city,including 47 cases(58.8%)with exposure history related to Wuhan,29 close contacts(36.2%)of COVID-19 patients and 4 cases(5.0%)with unidentified contact history.Among the confirmed cases,the male-to-female ratio was 3:2 and the average age was 42.2 years old.The occupations of the patients were mainly workers/peasants(42.5%).Among the 80 confirmed cases,8 patients(10.0%)had no symptoms when they were in the hospital,and the median time from onset to diagnosis for the other 72 patients(90%)was 5.0 days.The main clinical symptoms were fever in 62 cases(77.5%),dry cough in 34 cases(42.5%),and fatigue in 29 cases(36.3%)The routine blood test showed decreased white blood cell counts in 17 cases(21.3%),decreased lymphocyte counts in 34 cases(42.5%),increased activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT)in 34 cases(57.5%)and increased level of C-reaction protein(CRP)in 49 cases(61.3%).Some patients had mild liver and kidney damage.Most patients showed ground glass shadow(60.0%)and patchy ground glass shadow(25.0%)in CT.Patients with both lung affected(68.8%)were more common than patients with single lung afftected(21.3%).All 80 COVID-19 patients showed good prognosis after treatments with interferon-α inhalation,lopinavir/ritonavir and Traditional Chinese Medicine.Conclusions COVID-19 was highly infectious with strong concealment.Management and self-protection for high-risk population should be enforced.Early detection,early isolation,early diagnosis and early treatment should be applied to close contacts.