2014-2017年湖北省监利县手足口病流行特征及时空聚集性分析

Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics and spatial-temporal clustering of hand,foot and mouth disease in Jianli County,Hubei Province from 2014 to 2017

目的了解2014-2017年监利县手足口病的流行情况及其时空分布规律。方法对2014-2017年监利县手足口病的流行特征进行统计描述;时空扫描统计量用于探测手足口病的时空聚集区。结果2014-2017年监利县共报告手足口病病例2825例,年均发病率为62.36/10万。发病高峰出现在每年4~7月和9~11月。发病以5岁以下儿童为主(2787例,占98.65%),1~2岁组居多(2017例,占71.40%),男性多于女性(男女性别比2.18∶1,χ^2=83.98,P<0.05),散居儿童占多数(2665例,占94.34%)。全县各乡镇均有病例报告,发病率居前3位的乡镇依次为容城镇(137.96/10万)、龚场镇(122.50/10万)及荒湖农场(116.72/10万)。时空扫描分析探测到7个聚集区,时间维度主要发生在4~7月和9~11月,空间维度多聚集在监利县主城区及中南部。结论2014-2017年监利县手足口病存在明显的季节差异和高发区域,防控关键期在4~7月和9~11月,重点人群为5岁以下散居儿童。

Objective To get an insight into the prevalence and spatial-temporal distribution of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)in Jianli County from 2014 to 2017.Methods Statistical description of the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD in Jianli County from 2014 to 2017 was made.Spatial-temporal scanning statistics were used to detect the temporal and spatial clustering of HFMD.Results A total of 2825 cases of HFMD were reported in Jianli County from 2014 to 2017,with an average annual incidence of 62.36/100000.The peak incidence occurred in April to June and September to November each year.The incidence of the disease was mainly in children under 5 years old(2787 cases,accounting for 98.65%),in the group of 1~2 years old(2017 cases,accounting for 71.40%),more males than females(male to female ratio 2.18∶1,χ^2=83.98,P<0.05),and children in the diaspora made up the majority(2665 cases,accounting for 94.34%).Cases were reported in all the towns and villages in the county,with Rongcheng Town(137.96/100000),Gongchang Town(122.50/100000)and Huanghu Farm(116.72/100000)ranking the top three.7 clustering areas were detected by spatial-temporal scanning analysis.The temporal dimension of HFMD mainly occurred in April to July and September to November,and the spatial dimension mostly concentrated in the main urban areas and middle-southern part of Jianli County.Conclusion From 2014 to 2017,there were significant seasonal differences and high incidence areas of HFMD in Jianli County.The key period for prevention and control was from April to July and from September to November,and the key population was children in the diaspora under 5 years old.