Usher1C新发突变致先天性感音神经性聋1例并文献复习

A case report of congenital sensorineural deafness caused by novel mutation in Usher1C and related literature analysis

当前我国出生缺陷中排名第2位的先天性残疾是先天性聋,其发病率呈逐年上升的趋势[1]。先天性聋60%与遗传相关,遗传性聋可分为常染色体显性遗传和隐性遗传、X-连锁遗传及线粒体遗传等。根据临床症状,可分为综合征性聋和非综合征性聋,综合征性聋患者除听力损失外还伴随其他疾病,包括心脏病、面部畸形、视觉障碍、皮肤色素的异常;非综合征性聋患者仅有听力损失,约占70%。研究耳聋基因是目前较为明确的研究方法。

To study the clinical features and causes of congenital Usher hearing loss in one child. Clinical examination, audiological tests, visual acuity examination were conducted in the proband and its family members, and second-generation sequencing technology for deafness gene detection was employed. The proband exhibited profound sensorineural deafness(hearing threshold>90 dB nHL). There was no visual loss after follow-up. Other family members had no history of hearing loss. The gene test indicated that the proband had a frameshift mutation for the thymine(T) deletion at the 1527 site of the Usher1 C gene. The mutation was a homozygous mutation, and was from the father and the mother, respectively, which caused the truncation of the encoded protein. Normal function, Usher syndrome or non-syndromic deafness DFNB18 can occur. This is the first case in China demonstrating congenital deafness due to homozygous mutation of Usher1 C gene c. 1527 delT. This study enriches the gene spectrum of deafness in China.