新型农业经营主体的角色转变研究:以农机服务对农地经营规模的影响为切入点

AStudy on the Role Transformation of New Agricultural Business Entities:Taking the Impact of Agricultural Machinery Services on Farmland Scale as a Starting Point

培育和发展兼具生产、服务功能的新型农业经营主体,是构建新型农业经营体系的重要一环。但现有研究缺乏对新型农业经营主体作为农业社会化服务需求者和供给者之间内在关系和转变机理的讨论。本文运用2015年"中国小微企业调查"数据,基于对农机服务作用新型农业经营主体农地经营规模的内在机制与异质性影响分析,对此进行了讨论。研究发现:①农机服务通过降低农业生产成本正向影响了新型农业经营主体的农地经营规模;②但购买服务中交易成本的存在,使得农机服务的这种正向影响随着农地经营规模的扩大,而表现出逐渐弱化的异质性特征;③在这一异质性影响之下,农地经营规模的扩大降低了新型农业经营主体购买农机服务的概率,并增加了其自购农机使用的程度和向外提供农机服务的概率。由此,新型农业经营主体在以农地经营规模变化为表征的发展过程中,实现了从农机服务需求者向兼顾服务供给者的角色转变。本文为思考新型农业经营主体的生产与服务功能建设提供了重要线索。

The cultivation and development of new agricultural business entities with production and services functions is an important part of the construction of new agricultural management system.However,in the existing studies,there is a lack of discussion on the internal relationship and transformation mechanism of new agricultural business entities as the demanders and suppliers of agricultural socialized services.By adopting the data collected from"Survey on Chinese Small and Micro Enterprises"in 2015,this article explores this issue based on the analysis of the internal mechanism and heterogeneous impact of agricultural machinery services on farmland scale.The results show that,firstly,agricultural machinery services have a positive impact on new agricultural business entities’farmland scale by reducing agricultural production costs.Secondly,the positive impact of agricultural machinery services gradually shows weakening heterogeneity due to the existence of transaction costs in services purchase.Thirdly,under the influence of that heterogeneity,the expansion of farmland scale reduces the probability of new agricultural business entities to purchase agricultural machinery services,and increases the use degree of self-purchased agricultural machinery as well as the probability of providing with agricultural machinery services.Therefore,in the development process characterized by the change of farmland scale,new agricultural business entities have realized the role transformation from being the demanders of agricultural machinery services to both the providers and demanders.This article provides significant clues for considering the construction ofproduction and servicefunctions ofnew agriculturalbusiness entities.