成功还是失败?欧盟国家农业知识创新服务体系的演变及其启示

Success or Failure?The Evolution of Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation System in the EU Countries and its Implications for China

在全球经济社会转型背景下,发达国家农业知识创新服务的制度框架和发展实践发生了巨大变革。本文从历史演变和发展实践两个维度,考察欧盟农业咨询推广服务体系向知识创新服务体系转变的过程,分析其运行机制和发展趋势,并探讨服务体系市场化改革的实践效果。本文认为,虽然欧盟农业知识创新服务体系市场化改革通过服务供给多元化和技术供给专业化,减少了公共财政压力,推动了农业现代化和农业创新进程,但也在一定程度上阻碍了多功能农业的发展,抑制了农业知识共生网络与知识创新的可持续性,使小农户和其他小规模农民群体在服务市场中处于不利地位。对欧盟农业知识创新服务市场化改革效果的评估,还需要考虑欧盟多层级治理机制和欧盟农业知识创新发展趋势等因素。当前,中国正面临欧盟国家在不同历史发展阶段曾面临的农业农村问题,参考欧盟农业现代化过程中发展农业知识创新服务体系的经验和教训,对中国构建新型农业社会化服务体系、发展农业生产性服务业、建设数字乡村、促进小农户振兴具有积极的现实意义。

As the main components of agricultural production services,agricultural market information,green production technology and other technical extension services are important forces to link smallholders’production with modern agricultural development.This article reviews the evolution process of the European Union’s Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation System(AKIS),examines its organizational structure,operational characteristics and development trend,and discusses the implementation effect of the reform.Although the privatization of the AKIS in the EU countries has promoted the process of agricultural modernization and innovation through diversification of service supply and specialization of technology supply,it has also hindered the development of multi-functional agriculture to a certain extent,inhibited the sustainable development of agricultural knowledge symbiosis network and knowledge innovation,and made smallholders in a disadvantageous position in the service market.However,in order to evaluate the effect of the EU’s market-oriented reform comprehensively,it would be necessary to consider the multi-level governance mechanism and the development trend of the EU’s AKIS in the future.China can learn from the experience and lessons from the EU’s AKIS development in the process of agricultural modernization,in order to promote the development of theagricultural production services industry,agricultural innovation and rural development.