优秀游泳运动员出发技术体能训练方法的研究

Research on Specific Physical Fitness Training Methods of Elite Swimmers’Departure Skills

本文运用定量和定性的研究方法,采用运动学、动力学和FMS测试手段,对我国优秀游泳运动员在测试中存在的不足并结合运动解剖学分析结果,综合制定个性化技术改进和体能训练方案。经专项体能训练后:(1)出发相关时间:运动员的神经反应时间、肌肉反应时间、离台总时间、15m时间较训练前缩短;(2)出发身体角度:前腿膝关节角度、后腿膝关节角度、入水角度等均有所改善;(3)腿部最大蹬力:前脚向前最大蹬力、前脚向上最大蹬力、后脚向前最大蹬力较训练前均有所改善;⑷重心水平速度:离台水平速度、飞行水平速度和入水水平速度较训练前有所提高;(5)FMS测试结果:深蹲、跨栏架、直线弓箭步等指标均较训练前有所改进。因此,个性化的游泳运动专项体能方案有利于改善运动灵出发技术的空中、入水及水下滑行身体姿势,减少反应时,增加下肢蹬力。

This article uses quantitative and qualitative research methods.Using kinematics,dynamics and FMS testing methods.The shortcoming of my country,s elite swimmers in the test combined with the analysis results of sports anatomy,Comprehensively formulate personaliezed technical improvement and physical training programs.The result show that depart time,starting body angle,maximum pedal force,center of gravity horizontal speed and FMS test results have a greater degree of improvement than before training.So,Personalized swimming special physical training program is conducive to improving athletes’starting skills,reducing reactions,increasing lower limb strength.