理性视域下的语用学理论反思

The Reflection on Pragmatic Theories from the Perspective of Rationality

从认知理性、实践理性和评价理性3个维度,本文分析和评述理性在言语行为理论、合作原则、礼貌理论、关联论和顺应论等主要语用学理论中的体现形式。研究发现,这些理论主要体现实践理性,但较少关注认知理性和评价理性。语言使用本质上就是理性的表达、沟通与理解,它的理性体现为语言使用者出于正当而真诚的目的、在普遍认可的规范引导下,运用可行且有效的方式表达真实、一致的命题内容。相应地,语用学理论需要兼顾不同维度的理性,特别是评价理性,揭示和倡导语言使用的理性思想,促进理性沟通与人际和谐。

This study reflects on pragmatic theories on speech act, conversational cooperation, politeness, relevance and adaptation from the perspectives of cognitive, practical and evaluative rationality. It shows that practical rationality is more evident in pragmatic theories, whereas both cognitive rationality and evaluative rationality have received less attention. It is argued that language use in nature is the expression, communication and comprehension of rationality and it is rational of the language user to express with a justifiable and sincere end a consistent proposition by a feasible and effective means in line with generally accepted norms. Accordingly, the construction of pragmatic theories should take into consideration rationality of different dimensions, especially evaluative rationality, to reveal and advocate the idea of rationality in the hope of rational communication and harmonious interpersonal relationship.