中小流域设计暴雨雨型研究进展

Research progress on design hyetographs in small and medium-scale basins

设计暴雨是缺乏流量数据的中小流域推求设计洪水的基础,对水利工程设施、市政工程设计等建设标准具有重大影响,国内外对此展开了大量研究。近年来由于气候和环境变化的影响,洪水频发且流量极大,山洪和城市内涝灾害对山区人民和城市居民的财产及人身安全构成了威胁,引起了多起严重事故,因此对设计暴雨雨型提出了更高的要求。论文系统总结了典型暴雨雨型选择的原则与方法和雨型分类方法,梳理了相关方面的国内外雨型推求方法及其特点,包括芝加哥雨型法、Huff雨型法、三角形雨型法、Pilgrim&Cordery雨型法等4种短历时设计暴雨雨型,以及长历时的SCS雨型与同频率分析法;最后提出了中小流域设计暴雨雨型存在的问题并对未来研究方向进行展望。

Designing hyetographs is the basis of deducing design flood for small and medium-sized watersheds lacking flow data.It has a significant impact on construction standards of water conservancy facilities and municipal engineering design.Therefore,a large number of studies on design hyetograph has been carried out in China and internationally.In recent years,due to the impact of climate and environmental changes,great floods occur frequently.Mountain floods and waterlogging in urban areas pose a threat to the property and personal safety of mountain people and urban residents,and have caused many disasters.Therefore,higher requirements are put forward for the design of hyetographs.This article systematically summarized the principles and methods for selecting typical hyetographs and the classification of hyetographs,and reviewed the methods of deducing hyetographs in China and abroad,including the Chicago Hyetographs,the Huff Hyetographs,the Triangle Rainfall Hyetographs,and the Pilgrim&Cordery(P&C)Hyetographs—our short-duration design hyetographs in total,as well as the long-duration Soil Conservation Service(SCS)Hyetographs and the same-frequency method.Finally,the problems in designing hyetographs in small and medium-sized watersheds and the prospects for future research are put forward.