可加贸易成本的估计及对出口的影响

Additive Trade Costs:Estimation and Impacts on Export

本文基于2000—2013年中国海关数据库企业层面HS 8位码的出口数据,结合非线性最小二乘法估计了中国制造业的可加贸易成本,并利用可加贸易成本的估计值检验了可加贸易成本对高价和低价企业出口的影响。结果表明:2000—2013年中国制造业的平均可加贸易成本呈现逐年下降的趋势;从制造业的内部结构来看,高技术型可加贸易成本最低,中间品可加贸易成本最高;从出口市场结构来看,对印度可加贸易成本最高,对俄罗斯最低。从总体上来看,可加贸易成本对高价企业出口的抑制作用小于低价企业;从分样本来看,可加贸易成本对高价和低价企业出口的影响程度具有明显的异质性,其依赖于产品技术类型、产品用途和产品出口目的国。因此,出口企业应根据产品价格在同类产品价格的高低特点,合理选择距离远近或从量税的出口目标市场,以实现扩大出口。

Using export data based on HS8-digit codes at the enterprise level in the China customs transaction database during 2000 to 2013,this paper estimates the additive trade costs of China’s manufacturing industry by nonlinear least squares,and the impacts of the additive trade costs on the export of high price firms and low price firms.The results show the average additive trade costs of the manufacturing industries appear to have followed a declining trend from 2000 to 2013.For the internal structure of manufacturing industry,the additive trade cost of high technology manufactured goods is the lowest,and the additive trade cost of intermediate goods is the highest.In terms of the export market structure,the additive trade cost to India is the lowest,and to Russia is the highest.The dampening effect of additive trade costs is smaller for the export of high price firms than for the export of low price firms overall.In the sub-sample regression,the impacts of the additive trade costs on the export of high price firms and low price firms are very differentiated,depending on product technical level,product usage and export destination.Therefore,in order to expand exports,enterprises should choose the export markets with far or near reaching or specific tax according to the prices of similar products.