权力控制与规范认同的相互关联——论西方马克思主义意识形态批评两种范式的内在会通

The Relationship Between Power Control and Normative Identity——The Inner Connection of the Two Paradigms of Western Marxist Ideological Theory

西方马克思主义意识形态批判存在两种基本范式:一是卢卡奇的物化意识形态理论;二是阿尔都塞对意识形态物质化的阐释。从意识形态的表现形式来看,卢卡奇着力分析的是人们面对物化结构时的直观态度,这既包括理论化的意识形态(资产阶级哲学社会科学),也包括日常观念的意识形态。阿尔都塞侧重分析的是各种物质性的意识形态。尽管存在形式差异,但从意识形态的运行机制来看,二者都指出了资本主义权力控制和人们规范认同之间的内在耦合。意识形态并不仅仅是某种思想理论,也并不仅仅是统治阶级编织的美丽谎言,意识形态还是人们的生活实践态度。这种实践态度参与建构了社会现实。任何社会现实的改变都离不开意识形态的改变,都离不开生活态度的改变。

Georg Lukács’ theory of reified ideology and Louis Althusser’s interpretation of materialized ideology represent two basic paradigms of western Marxist ideology. In the form of ideology, what Georg Lukács focuses on is the intuitive attitude of people towards the materialization structure, which includes both the theoretical ideology(bourgeois philosophy and social science) and the ideology of everyday ideas, while Althusser focused on the analysis of a variety of material ideology. These different forms jointly maintain the bourgeois rule and the capitalist system, which is the reason why the two paradigms are interlinked. Although there are differences in forms, both of them point out the correlation between capitalist power control and people’s normative identity from the perspective of the operating mechanism of ideology. Ideology is not just a theory of thought or a beautiful lie woven by the ruling class. Ideology is people’s attitude towards life. This practical attitude participates in the construction of social reality. Any change of social reality cannot be separated from the change of ideology and the change of life attitude.