汉俄语名词回指对比与翻译

A comparative study and translation of noun anaphora in Chinese and Russian

回指是语篇衔接的重要手段,是话语研究者的关注焦点。名词回指,即以名词或名词组合代替前文中的话题指称。本文基于形式和意义两个视角,划分汉俄名词回指词的类型。通过实例论证汉俄名词回指词在篇章中发挥以下功能:衔接上下文、易于找回所指、增强言语表现力、凸显交际的经济原则。对比分析汉俄名词回指词的译文,发现转换为代词回指或零形回指是共性;若保留回指词的名词词性,汉译时往往需要增补指示代词,明示所指,而俄译时,指示代词趋向省略。

Anaphora is an important method of text cohesion and the focus of researchers of discourse.Noun anaphora means using nouns or their combinations to refer to the people or things above.Based on form and meaning,this paper classify some types of noun anaphora in Chinese and Russian.Through analyzing typical examples,research indicates that the functions of noun anaphora in text are as follows:strengthen the cohesion of context,facilitate readers’finding of referents,enhance the expressiveness of text and highlight"The Principle of Economy"in communication.By comparing and analyzing translations of noun anaphora in Chinese and in Russian,this thesis finds that using pronominal anaphora and zero-anaphora in translation are the common methods in both languages.If retaining the noun anaphora of original text in translation,we often need to add demonstrative pronouns in the Russian translations in order to make referents more clear.On the contrary,when translating noun anaphora from Chinese to Russian,translators usually delete the demonstrative pronouns in translation.