贵州民族地区推进城镇化与农民工融入城镇研究

Urbanization and Farmer Workers’Integration into Urban Districts in Guizhou’s Minority Areas

贵州民族地区主要包括黔西南布依族苗族自治州、黔南布依族苗族自治州和黔东南苗族侗族自治州,通过对三个民族自治州的实地调研,发现虽然三个州的城镇化水平近年来都有一定提升,也有大量农民工为了生存和发展的需要流动到城镇。但是如何推进城镇化的进程与农民工顺利融入城镇仍然存在一些问题,主要体现在民族地区城镇化水平偏低,城镇规模小、发展分布不平衡,城镇分布受特殊地理环境及交通路线的制约,城镇基础设施落后、缺乏发展后劲,城镇产业聚集度低、缺乏特色等;在农民工融入城镇方面也面临着农民工受教育、技能水平低,收入低且不稳定、居住条件差,城乡居民思想观念差异大,农民工缺乏融入城镇的制度支持、社会网络有限、交往范围小等困境。因此,本文聚焦贵州民族地区,旨在总结归纳城镇化发展的相关经验启示及教训,并从社会流动、社会融入和社会排斥三个理论视角研究农民工融入城镇问题,提出贵州民族地区推进城镇化与农民工融入城镇的路径选择。

Guizhou’s minority areas include three minority autonomous prefectures,namely Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture,Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture and Qianxinan Miao and Buyi Autonomous Prefecture.Through our surveys we find that urbanization is on the increase there,providing more opportunities for farmer workers’livelihood and earnings.Nevertheless,some problems exist in the process such as low-level urbanization,small-size towns,unbalanced urbanization,restricted transport access,backward infrastructure,limited industrialization,poor education of farmer workers,poor living conditions and insufficient institutional support.This paper focuses on Guizhou’s minority areas,aiming at summarizing relevant urbanization experiences,studying farmer workers’integration into urban districts through the perspectives of social mobility,social integration and social exclusion.Finally,tentative suggestions are formulated for improvement.