论韩柳古文理论中的“气”

On “Qi” in Han Yu and Liu Zong-yuan’s Ancient Prose Theory

以“气”论文始于曹丕,后被历代文论家所重视。唐代韩愈、柳宗元发起的古文运动主张复古,以儒家为正宗,以往研究古文运动,重点多在“道”而忽视“气”,而“气”论在韩柳古文理论中也具有重要性。二人“气”的思想均来源于孟子,其意为创作主体在写作时充盈内心的正义感、道德感,体现出维护统治秩序、教化社会大众的责任感。在“道”“气”关系上,“道”更倾向于形而上领域,是一种绝对的理念;“气”则更加具体,它是在文章当中可以被读者具体感受到的一种力量,二者相互补充。研究唐代古文理论中的“气”,无疑能够更好地了解和还原唐代古文运动的面貌。

The application of“Qi”to literary theory began with Cao Pi and was later valued by literary critics of all dynasties.The Ancient Prose Movement initiated by Han Yu and Liu Zong-yuan in the Tang dynasty advocates restoring ancient styles and regards Confucianism as authentic.Before the movement,the existing research on Ancient Prose Movement mostly focused on“Tao”and neglected“Qi”,while the theory of“Qi”is also important in Han Yu and Liu Zong-yuan’s ancient prose theory.Their thoughts of“Qi”originated from Mencius.The writer must have a sense of justice and morality in his writing,a sense of responsibility to maintain the ruling and educate the public.With respect to the relationship between“Tao”and“Qi”,the former is more inclined to the metaphysical field and it is an absolute concept;while the latter is more specific.It is a kind of power that readers can feel concretely in the article.They complement each other.The study of“Qi”in the ancient prose theory of the Tang dynasty can undoubtedly help better understand the Ancient Prose Movement in the Tang dynasty.