基于健康信念模式探究户外体育活动防控青少年近视:机制、途径与效果

Research on Prevention and Control of Myopia in Adolescents by Outdoor Physical Activity Based on Health Belief Model:Mechanism,Approach and Effect

我国青少年近视问题日益趋重,亟待解决,青少年近视问题不仅关乎个人健康,更牵涉民族发展,探索青少年近视的防控机制和途径是重要的破局之道。户外体育活动作为防控青少年近视的有效途径,主要机制包括:户外体育活动提供了良好的光照环境,锻炼眼部肌肉缓解眼部压力,促进了与视力相关的微量元素维生素D以及视网膜多巴胺的产生。主要干预途径包括:每周三次的干预频率,每次60~90 min的干预时长,16~24周的干预周期效果最佳。基于健康信念模式进行因素互涉,研究认为:应加强健康教育,形塑青少年的健康信念,从而促进青少年户外体育活动参与率。此外,还需要构建“家庭-学校-社会”联动机制,形成近视防护的生态圈、循环链。

The problem of juvenile myopia is becoming more and more serious in China,which needs to be solved urgently.The problem of juvenile myopia is not only related to personal health,but also to national development.It is an important way to explore the prevention and control mechanism and ways of juvenile myopia.As an effective way to prevent and control myopia,outdoor sports activities provide a good light environment,exercise eye muscles,relieve eye pressure,and promote the production of vitamin D and retinal dopamine related to vision.The main intervention approaches include:three times a week,60~90 minutes of intervention time,and 16~24 weeks of intervention cycle.Based on the model of health belief,the study suggests that health education should be strengthened to shape the health belief of teenagers,so as to promote the participation rate of teenagers in outdoor sports activities.In addition,we also need to build a“family school society”linkage mechanism to form an ecological circle and circular chain of myopia protection.