辩证法与本体论的双重转换——马克思辩证法理论的本体论变革意蕴

The Double Conversion of Dialectics and Ontology:The Implication of the Ontological Revolution in Marx’s Dialectical Theory

马克思哲学的本体论的变革与其辩证法的变革是同一问题不可分割的两个方面。在哲学史上,黑格尔曾试图通过辩证法与本体论的内在统一改造和重构形而上学本体论。与黑格尔的“辩证本体论”不同,马克思哲学的实践观点把人对自然的“依赖性”和“超越性”、人类活动的“感性对象性”和“理性能动性”等两极对立的矛盾关系在实践活动中否定性地统一起来,使对人而言的“现实世界”具有了真正辩证的本性。以禀赋辩证本性的现实世界为基础,马克思对黑格尔“辩证本体论”的理论前提进行了深入的批判性反思,在为辩证法确立了真实的本体论根基的同时,也实现了哲学本体论真正的辩证变革,从而实现了辩证法与本体论的双重转换。这是马克思哲学重要的理论贡献。

The revolutions in ontology and dialectics are inseparable aspects of Marxist philosophy.Hegel had tried to transform and reconstruct metaphysical ontology through the internal unity of dialectics and ontology;differing from Hegel s dialectical ontology,Marx unifies the mutually contradictory dimensions of human dependence and transcendence with nature,as well as between perceptive objectivity and rational initiative based on his viewpoint of practice,making the“world of reality”possible.Based on this understanding of the dialectical nature of the“world of reality”,Marx offers a deep,critical reflection on the theoretical prerequisites of Hegel s dialectical ontology and realizes the double conversion of dialectics and ontology,which is one of the most important contributions of his ideas regarding dialectics and ontology.