生物基类玻璃高分子材料的研究进展

Progress in Biobased Vitrimers

高分子材料在人类生活中应用广泛,它给人类带来便利的同时也存在2个急需解决的问题.其一,使用后产生的塑料垃圾正在破坏人类赖以生存的环境,尤其是热固性塑料,受到交联网络的限制,材料一旦成型就难以被再次加工.通过引入"类玻璃(vitrimer)"高分子概念,能够使损坏的热固性塑料得到修复,延长其使用寿命并减少塑料垃圾.其二,高分子材料的制备往往需要消耗不可再生的化石资源.面对化石资源的减少及其造成的污染问题,使用可再生的生物质资源制备高分子材料成为有效的解决办法.本文以交联高分子材料为主线,综述了近年来关于使用可再生生物质资源制备类玻璃高分子材料的研究进展,其内容主要包括两方面.第一个方面综述了类玻璃高分子材料的发展史和特点,着重强调了动态共价键往往同时具有重排和分解2种机理;第二个方面综述了生物基类玻璃高分子材料的研究进展,其中涉及的动态共价键种类包括羟基-酯、席夫碱、二硫键和羟基-氨酯,涉及的生物质原料主要包括植物油、木质素、纤维素、天然橡胶、松香及香草醛等.本综述旨在推动解决塑料污染治理及绿色材料的研究和应用.

Polymer products are widely used in our daily life. While plastics make modern life very convenient,there also two concomitant issues that need to be addressed immediately. First, plastic waste generated from the use of polymer materials is destroying the living environment. In particular, thermosetting polymers cannot be reprocessed once the crosslinked network structure forms. However, by introducing " vitrimer" chemistry to thermosets, damaged thermosetting polymers can be repaired, their service life can be extended, and plastic waste will be reduced. Second, the preparation of polymer materials often requires the consumption of non-renewable petrochemicals, which in turn increases industrial pollution. The use of renewable resources to prepare polymer materials could be an effective solution to slow down the consumption of fossil resources and reduce associated pollution. To promote greener polymer production, this paper reviews the recent research progress on bio-based vitrimer materials. First, the history and unique features of vitrimer materials are reviewed. These unique features,including repairability, recyclability and reprocessability, originate from the dynamic covalent crosslinks which often exhibit both associative and dissociative mechanisms. Second, recent developments in vitrimer preparation from vegetable oil, lignin, cellulose, natural rubber, rosin, vanillin and other biobased resources were reviewed,and the commonly involved dynamic covalent chemistries were discussed.