1980—2018年海南岛土地利用与生态系统服务价值时空变化

Spatio⁃temporal changes of land use and ecosystem services value in Hainan Island from 1980 to 2018

以海南岛为研究区,利用1980—2018年5期土地利用数据,借助ArcGIS技术,综合运用价值当量因子法、生态系统服务变化指数(Ecological Services Change Index,ESCI)、空间统计分析等方法,探究了海南岛土地利用与生态系统服务价值(Ecosystem Services Values,ESV)的时空变化特征。结果表明:(1)林地是海南岛自然生态系统的主体,占62%以上,林地面积先升高后降低;建设用地增加迅猛,特别是在2010年以后,增长率高达122.46%,其次水域增长率为20.94%。土地利用主要呈现出草地转为林地,耕地、林地转为建设用地或水域的变化特征。(2)1980—2018年海南岛ESV总体表现为先增加后降低的变化趋势,净增加51.59亿元,增长率为2.56%。其中林地ESV占比最高,达70%以上;单项ESV以水文调节、气候调节为主,两者占总ESV的50%以上。(3)在空间分布上,海南岛ESV存在着明显的中部高、四周低的空间分异特征,在时间序列上高值区进一步萎缩、低值区逐渐扩展。(4)1980—2018年海南岛5个时期的ESV及其变化在空间分布上具有显著的正向自相关性;ESV增值热点区集中分布在大广坝水库等库区、海南岛东北部水产养殖场等地,ESV损失冷点区主要出现在海口和三亚等重要城区、洋浦经济开发区以及旅游资源丰富的沿海地区。

This paper selected Hainan Island as the research area,collected the 5 phases land use data of 1980—2018 to analyze by ArcGIS.We used the equivalent factor method,ecosystem service change index(ESCI),and spatially statistical analysis method to explore the temporal and spatial change characteristics of land use and ecosystem service value(ESV)in Hainan Island.The results are shown as follows.(1)Forestland is the most important natural ecosystem in Hainan Island,accounting for more than 62%of its total area.The forestland area was firstly increased and then decreased in 1980—2018.The construction land increased rapidly,especially after 2010,with the growth rate of 122.46%,followed by the water area with the growth rate of 20.94%.Land use mainly presented the characteristics of changing from grassland to forest land,as well as from farmland and forestland to construction land or water area.(2)From 1980 to 2018,the overall ESV in Hainan Island showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,with a total increase of 5.159 billion yuan and a growth rate of 2.56%.Among them,the ESV of forestland accounted for the highest proportion with more than 70%.The single ESV was mainly hydrology regulation and climate regulation,which accounted for more than 50%of the total ESV.(3)In terms of spatial distribution,the ESV of Hainan Island had obviously spatial differentiation features with high in the middle area and low in the surrounding area.The high value area shrank further and the low value area expanded gradually in time series.(4)The spatial distribution of ESV and its changes in 5 periods from 1980 to 2018 in Hainan Island had significantly positive autocorrelation.The hot spots of ESV increment were mainly distributed in storage areas such as Daguangba reservoir and aquaculture farms in the northeast of Hainan Island.The cold spots of ESV loss were mainly distributed in important urban areas such as Haikou and Sanya,Yangpu economic development zone and coastal areas with rich tourism resources.