基于主成分分析和聚类分析方法综合评价东北地区不同品种全株玉米青贮饲料的青贮品质

Comprehensive Evaluation of Silage Quality of Whole Corn Silage for Different Varieties in Northeast China Based on Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis

本试验旨在研究东北地区规模化牧场窖贮的不同品种全株玉米青贮饲料的青贮品质,为选择优良玉米品种种植和制作优质青贮饲料提供理论指导。从黑龙江省、吉林省、辽宁省规模化牧场共采集33个品种的全株玉米青贮饲料,通过测定常规营养成分含量和发酵品质,运用主成分分析和聚类分析方法进行青贮品质综合评价和优良品种筛选。结果表明:1)不同品种全株玉米青贮饲料的营养成分含量和发酵品质存在差异,其中干物质、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维、淀粉、粗灰分、乳酸含量的差异极显著(P<0.01)。2)主成分分析提取了4个主成分,累积贡献率达到83.406%,反映了原指标的大部分信息。综合品质排名前5的品种分别为豫青贮23、正大12、先玉335、屯玉168、方玉36。3)聚类分析将33个品种的全株玉米青贮饲料聚为3类。第1类是在东北地区种植和制作青贮饲料效果较好的品种,分别为屯玉168、西农3号、豫青贮23、正大12号;第2类是在东北地区种植和制作青贮饲料效果良好的品种,分别为方玉36、绿单2号、德美亚1号、极峰30、纪元128、金岭17、金田9号、锦玉28、农大108、铁单10号、沃玉3号、先玉335、郑单958、种星618、中科玉505、中单5384;第3类是在东北地区种植和制作青贮饲料效果一般的品种,分别为金鼎10号、金刚50、龙单32、信玉168、北青1号、甘玉23号、东单60、桂青1号、承单1171、罕玉5号、金岭37、京科516、铁研53。综上所述,在东北地区种植豫青贮23、正大12、先玉335、屯玉168和方玉36制作全株玉米青贮饲料效果较好。

The purpose of this experiment was to study the silage quality of whole corn silage for different varieties stored in large-scale pastures in Northeast China,and to provide theoretical guidance for the selection of good corn varieties for planting and production of high-quality silage.Whole corn silages of 33 corn varieties were collected from large-scale pastures in Heilongjiang,Jilin and Liaoning provinces,and the silage quality was evaluated and the good variety was screened of them using principal component analysis and cluster analysis methods through the determination of conventional nutrient contents and fermentation quality.The results showed as follows:1)there were differences in the nutrient contents and fermentation quality of different varieties of whole corn silage.The differences among dry matter,acid detergent fiber,neutral detergent fiber,starch,ash and lactic acid contents were extremely significant(P<0.01).2)The principal component analysis extracted 4 principal components,and the cumulative contribution rate reached 83.406%,reflecting most of the information of the original index.The top 5 varieties with comprehensive quality were Yuqingchu 23,Zhengda 12,Xianyu 335,Tunyu 168 and Fangyu 36.3)Cluster analysis gathered 33 corn varieties silage into three categories.The first category was the varieties with better effects of planting and making silage in Northeast China,which were Tunyu 168,Xinong 3,Yuqingchu 23 and Zhengda No.12;the second category was the varieties with good effects of planting and making silage in Northeast China,which were Fangyu 36,Lvdan No.2,Demeiya No.1,Jifeng 30,Jiyuan 128,Jinling 17,Jintian No.9,Jinyu 28,Nongda 108,Tiedan No.10,Woyu No.3,Xianyu 335,Zhengdan 958,Zhongxing 618,Zhongkeyu 505 and Zhongdan 5384;the third category was the varieties with general effects of planting and making silage in Northeast China,including Jinding No.10,Jingang 50,Longdan 32,Xinyu 168,Beiqing No.1,Ganyu No.23,Dongdan 60,Guiqing No.1,Chengdan 1171,Hanyu No.5,Jinling 37,Jingke 516 and Tieyan 53.In summary,planting Yuqingchu 23,Zhengda 12,Xianyu 335,Tunyu 168 and Fangyu 36 in Northeast China have a better effect on making whole corn silage.