植物精油对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫功能及肠道发育的影响

Effects of Plant Essential Oil on Growth Performance,Immune Function and Intestinal Development of Broilers

本试验通过在肉仔鸡饲粮中添加不同来源的植物精油,研究其对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫功能及肠道发育的影响。本试验采用单因子试验设计,选取1日龄、体重相近的健康爱拔益加肉仔鸡504羽(公母混合),随机分为6组(每组7个重复,每个重复12羽),分别为对照组(CK组),饲喂基础饲粮;抗生素组(AG组),在基础饲粮中添加抗生素(恩拉霉素),添加量为5 mg/kg;植物精油组[EO1组(有效成分为百里香酚,有效含量为1.7%)、EO2组(有效成分为香芹酚与肉桂醛,有效含量分别为5%、3%)、EO3组(有效成分为肉桂醛与百里香酚,有效含量均为10%)、EO4组(有效成分为百里香酚与香芹酚,有效含量均为25%],在基础饲粮中添加4种来源的植物精油,根据推荐剂量确定添加量分别为150、100、100和200 mg/kg。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)与CK组相比,AG组、EO3组和EO4组平均日增重与体重均显著升高(P<0.05),而各组间脾脏指数、法氏囊指数、胸腺指数均差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)与CK组相比,AG组肉仔鸡血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量显著升高(P<0.05),且AG组、EO3组和EO4组免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量均显著升高(P<0.05)。3)与CK组相比,AG组十二指肠隐窝深度显著降低(P<0.05),回肠绒毛高度显著升高(P<0.05);与CK组相比,EO3组空肠绒毛高度显著升高(P<0.05);AG组、EO1组、EO2组和EO4组隐窝深度均较CK组显著降低(P<0.05);AG组空肠、回肠、十二指肠的绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值较CK组显著升高(P<0.05)。综上,饲粮添加植物精油对肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫功能具有一定的促进作用,其中EO3组效果最佳,接近抗生素饲喂效果,可以纳入抗生素替代物方案中。

In this experiment,different source essential oils were added to broiler diets to study their effects on growth performance,immune function and intestinal development.Single factor test design was adopted in this test,a total of 504 one-day-old broilers(mixed male and female)with similar body weight were randomly divided into 6 groups(7 replicates in each group and 12 replicates in each group):control group(CK group)was fed a basic diet;antibiotic group(AG group)was added with antibiotics(Clomithromycin)at a dosage of 5 mg/kg;plant essential oil groups[EO1 group(the effective component was thymol,and effective content was 1.7%),EO2 group(the effective component were carvol and cinnamaldehyde,and effective content were 5%and 3%)and EO3 group(the effective component were cinnamaldehyde and thymol,and effective content was 10%),EO4 group(the effective component were thymol and carvol,and effective content was 25%)]were added with four plant essential oils at dosages of 150,100,100 and 200 mg/kg.The test lasted for 42 days.The results showed as follows:1)compared with the CK group,the average daily weight gain and body weight in AG group,EO3 group and EO4 group increased significantly(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in spleen index,bursa of Fabricius index and thymus index(P>0.05).2)Compared with the CK group,the content of immunoglobulin G in serum in AG group increased significantly(P<0.05),and serum immunoglobulin M content in AG group,EO3 group and EO4 group also increased significantly(P<0.05).3)Compared with the CK group,the crypt depth of duodenum in AG group decreased significantly(P<0.05),and the villus height of ileum significantly elevated(P<0.05);compared with the CK group,jejunal villus height in EO3 group increased significantly(P<0.05);crypt depth in AG group,EO1 group,EO2 group and EO4 group decreased significantly(P<0.05);the ratio of jejunal villus height to crypt depth in AG group was significantly higher than that in CK group(P<0.05).In conclusion,it is found that plant essential oil can promote the growth performance and immune function of broilers.Among them,EO3 group has the best effect,which is close to the effect of antibiotic feeding,indicating that it has a potential as a substitute of antibiotics.