复合微生态制剂联合低聚果糖对哺乳期犊牛生长性能、腹泻率及肠道微生态区系的影响

Effects of Compound Microecological Preparation Combined with Fructosan on Growth Performance,Diarrhea Rate and Intestinal Microbiota of Lactation Calves

本试验旨在探讨复合微生态制剂联合低聚果糖饲喂哺乳期犊牛对其生长性能、腹泻率、肠道微生态区系的影响,选取21头3日龄健康荷斯坦母犊,将其随机均分成3组:ZK组每日每头添加植物乳酸杆菌(1×10~9CFU)和枯草芽孢杆菌(2×10^(10)CFU)各5 g;ZKT组每日每头添加植物乳酸杆菌(1×10~9CFU)、枯草芽孢杆菌(2×10^(10)CFU)和低聚果糖各5 g(上述2组在常规饲喂后1 h将相应的制剂溶解在温水中用奶瓶灌入);C组为空白对照组,常规饲喂。预试期7 d,正试期50 d。结果表明:1)ZK组和ZKT组平均日增重和平均日采食量与C组相比差异不显著(P>0.05),但这2组腹泻率显著低于C组(P<0.05)。2)微生物群落Alpha多样性分析表明,添加微生态制剂对ZK组犊牛肠道微生物区系丰富度和多样性影响不显著(P>0.05),但对ZKT组肠道微生物丰度影响显著(P<0.05)。对肠道微生态区系分析发现,在门水平上,优势菌门主要包括拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门、无壁菌门,排名前10位的菌门相对丰度各组之间差异不显著(P>0.05);在属水平上,优势菌属为拟杆菌属、未鉴定普雷沃氏菌科、别样棒菌属,排名前10位的菌属在ZKT组拟杆菌属相对丰度显著高于C组和ZK组(P<0.05)。3)通过t-检验分析差异物种发现,ZKT组梭状芽孢杆菌相对丰度显著低于C组(P<0.05)。综上所述,本研究2种制剂对犊牛生长性能影响不大,ZK组制剂的添加对其肠道微生态区系影响不显著,但ZKT组制剂可显著改变犊牛肠道微生物区系,使其拟杆菌属相对丰度显著增加,尤其可显著减少肠道梭状芽孢杆菌相对丰度,进而显著减少了腹泻的发生。

This study was performed to investigate the effects of compound microecological preparation combined with fructosan(FOS)on growth performance,diarrhea rate and intestinal microbiota of lactating calves.A total of 21 healthy Holstein calves at 3 days of age were randomly divided into three groups:5 g of Lactobacillus plantarum(1×109 CFU)and Bacillus subtilis(2×1010 CFU)were added to each head daily in ZK group;5 g of Lactobacillus plantarum(1×109 CFU)and Bacillus subtilis(2×1010 CFU)and FOS were added to each head daily in ZKT group(the two preparations were dissolved in warm water 1 h after regular feeding and fed with milk bottle);group C was control group and was fed conventionally.The pre-test lasted for 7 days,and the normal test lasted for 50 days.The results showed as follows:1)the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of ZK group and ZKT group were not significantly different from those of the C group(P>0.05).However,the diarrhea rate of the two groups was significantly lower than that of the C group(P<0.05).2)The analysis of microbial community Alpha diversity showed that the addition of microecological preparation had no significant effect on the intestinal microbial flora richness and diversity of calves of ZK group(P>0.05),but had significant effect on the intestinal microbial abundance of ZKT group(P<0.05).The analysis of intestinal microbiota revealed that at the level of phylum,the dominant bacteria mainly included Bacteroides,Firmicutes and Tenericutes.There is no significant difference in relative abundance of the top ten phylum between the groups(P>0.05).At the genus level,the dominant genus were Bacteroides,unidentified_Prevotellaceae and Allobaculum,and the relative abundance of Bacteroides of ZKT group was significantly higher than that of C group and ZK group(P<0.05).3)The t-test differential species analysis showed that the average abundance of Clostridia of ZKT group was significantly lower than that of C group(P<0.05).In summary,it is found that the two preparations have little effect on the growth performance of the calves,but the compound microecological preparation in ZKT group can significantly change the calf intestinal microflora,increase the relative abundance of Bacteroides significantly,and especially significantly reduce the relative abundance of Clostridia,which reduce the calf diarrhea rate.