靶向寄生虫的核酸适配体应用研究进展

Research progress on aptamers targeting parasites

核酸适配体是人工合成的单链DNA或RNA寡核苷酸,经指数富集的配体系统进化技术体外筛选获得。核酸适配体可与病毒、细菌、寄生虫等生物体的蛋白质与其他小分子靶标进行高亲和力和特异性结合。与抗体相比,核酸适配体具有无免疫原性、制备简单、易于批量生产、便于修饰、性能稳定、价格低廉等优点,在疾病诊断和治疗领域具有重要的应用潜力。本文综述了靶向疟原虫、锥虫、利什曼原虫等寄生虫的核酸适配体的研究进展,以期为寄生虫感染的检测和防治提供新策略。

Aptamers are synthetic single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides obtained by in vitro screening with systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment. Aptamers are capable of binding viruses, bacteria, parasites and other small molecular targets with high affinity and specificity. Compared with antibodies, aptamers have advantages of no immunogenicity, uncomplicated preparation, straight forward batch production, smooth modification, stable performance and economical price, which possesses crucial application prospects in the field of disease diagnosis and treatment. Aptamers targeting Plasmodium, Trypanosome and Leishmania were chiefly reviewed in this artice provide new thoughts for the detection and control of parasitic diseases.