里耶秦简所见异地廪食及粮食补偿问题

An Examination of Different Area Cereals Providing and Food Compensation from Li ye Strips of Qin

秦汉时期部分廪食工作需要多个主体共同完成。携带生食与炊具在外加工较不方便,可以直接食用的熟食是边境地区的重要军事物资,因此在途经地区获取粮食是相对常用的方法,这种方法可称作异地廪食。在外廪食后该官吏所属地区需要确认此人在外消费的粮食数目,以弥补途经地区的额外粮食支出,并从外出人员每月的粮食配给额中扣除他在外消费的粮食。实际过程中存在不同地区、机构间的冲突、沟通与协调。不仅官吏在外接受廪食后需要粮食补偿,其他身份人员也遵循这一规范,因为异地廪食和与之相伴的粮食补偿具有一定的普遍性,属于通行准则。西汉异地廪食制度较大程度地继承了秦代先例。

Cereals providing need to be completed by a series of departments during the Qin and Han Dynasties. Cooking raw food outside could be inconvenient, and cooked food is considered as an important military material. Therefore, receiving ration in the administrative area which is called ‘Different Area Cereals Providing’ become a common way to solve the feeding problems. The number of the cereals consumed in others place must be recorded correctly in order to compensate those granary which have provided extra rations to external persons as well as deduct from his normal rations quantity.There would be conflict, commutation and coordination between different area in practice.Different Area Cereals Providing and compensation is some kind of common rules. As a result, other persons should obey that rule as those officers does.The cereal providing system of western Han Dynasty greatly inherited the precedent of Qin Dynasty.