清代宫廷食疗特色初探

Preliminary Study on the Characteristics of Imperial Diet Therapy in Qing Dynasty

[目的]探析清代宫廷食疗的特色,进而探讨其对当代饮食养生方式的借鉴意义。[方法]采用文献研究法,通过中国知网(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台、维普中文科技期刊数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库(China Biology Medicine disc,CBMdisc)、读秀学术搜索数据库、北京中医药大学图书馆、中国国家数字图书馆等平台,检索从建库至2020年1月31日与清代宫廷食疗方式及饮食文化习俗有关的文献,较为系统地总结清代宫廷食疗特色,并结合现代研究成果深入分析。[结果]经筛选共纳入35篇文献、9部书籍,发现清代宫廷食疗的特色主要包括选材广泛善用肉类、乳品彰显满族特色、常用茶饮化浊降脂、药酒重视温阳补肾、药糕粥食蕴含长寿之道等。现代基础实验及临床研究也对清宫仙药茶和龟龄集等清代宫廷食疗方的临床疗效和作用机制展开了初步探索,发现清宫仙药茶可防治高脂血症,龟龄集可通过调节能量平衡、肠道稳态及免疫功能等机制延缓衰老。[结论]清代宫廷食疗经过长期改良与发展,具有良好的预防保健作用,应充分利用现代工艺技术,促进此类膳食方的科学研究及相关保健食品的研发,助力中医"医养结合"的科学发展。

[Objective]To explore the characteristics of imperial diet therapy in Qing Dynasty,and to discuss the reference for the application to modern people’s diet regimen.[Methods]Based on literature research method,literatures related to imperial diet therapy,diet culture and folk customs in Qing Dynasty were consulted from database establishment to January 31 st,2020 through China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform,VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database,China Biology Medicine disc(CBMdisc),Duxiu Academic Search Database,Library of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,National Digital Library of China.The characteristics of imperial diet therapy in Qing Dynasty were systematically summarized and furtherly analyzed based on modern research results.[Results]A total of 35 articles and 9 books were collected and included,in which imperial diet therapy in Qing Dynasty was found many features,such as wide food materials selection and making good use of meat,dairy products showing Manchu characteristics,substituting tea drinking focusing on resolving turbidity and reducing fat,medicine liquor focusing on warming Yang and tonifying the kidney and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)cake and porridge containing the way of longevity.At the same time,modern researchers have preliminarily explored the clinical effect and mechanism of imperial diet therapy in Qing Dynasty such as Qinggong Xianyao Tea and Guilingji through experimental and clinical research.Qinggong Xianyao Tea can prevent and treat hyperlipidemia while Guilingji can delay senescence by regulating the energy balance,intestinal homeostasis and immune function.[Conclusion]After a long-term of improvement and development,imperial diet therapy in Qing Dynasty plays an important role in preventive treatment and health care,we should make full use of modern technology to promote the scientific research of this kind of diet formula and development of related health food products,so as to help the scientific development of"combination of medical treatment and health preservation"of TCM.