我国区域生态环境效率时空特征及影响因素——基于三阶段DEA模型分析

Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Regional Eco-environmental Efficiency in China:Analysis Based on Three-stage DEA Model

针对严峻的生态环境已经成为当下我国社会经济发展重大阻碍之一的问题,运用三阶段数据包络分析(DEA)模型对我国2008—2017年各省份及区域性生态环境效率进行时空对比研究,结果表明:(1)三阶段DEA模型较传统DEA更加合理,在不考虑外部环境因素和随机因素的影响下,会使生态环境效率真实值明显高估;(2)不同的环境变量对于生态环境效率的影响作用不同,人口密度、城市化水平有利于提升各省份的环境效率水平,人均地区生产总值(GDP)和外贸依存度会对环境效率产生负面影响,第二产业增加值占比在不同阶段对不同投入变量则体现出不同特征;(3)调整后的区域间真实生态环境效率水平存在明显的空间不平衡现象,华东、东北地区生态环境效率值较高,西南、西北地区处于较低水平;(4)各省份受纯技术效率和规模效率的影响,环境效率水平在地域上有较大差异。针对各省份及各地区表现出来的不同特征,提出各地根据自身实际对症下药,充分考虑外部环境因素,合理调整经济结构,做到经济与环境保护协调发展的对策建议。

In view of the serious ecological environment has become one of the major obstacles to the social and economic development of our country, this paper uses the three-stage DEA model to compare the eco-environmental efficiency of provinces and regions in China from 2008 to 2017. The results show that:(1) The three-stage DEA model is more reasonable than the traditional DEA model, without considering the influence of external environmental factors and random factors, the true value of eco-environmental efficiency will be significantly overestimated.(2) Different environmental variables have different effects on the eco-environmental efficiency, population density and urbanization level are conducive to improving the environmental efficiency of all provinces, per capita GDP and dependence on foreign trade have a negative impact on environmental efficiency, while the percentage of value added in secondary industries has different characteristics for different input variables at different stages.(3) There is an obvious spatial imbalance in the real inter-regional eco-environmental efficiency after adjustment, the eco-environmental efficiency in East and Northeast China is relatively high, while that in Southwest and Northwest China is relatively low.(4) There are great regional differences among provinces and regions under the influence of pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency. According to the different characteristics of each province and region, the paper suggests that each province should take appropriate measures according to its own reality, fully consider the external environmental factors, rational adjust the economic structure, and realize the coordinated development of economy and environmental protection.