新疆高校医学专业大学生体质健康动态分析与对策研究

Dynamic Analysis and Research on Countermeasures of Physical Health of Medical College Students in Xinjiang Region

目的:了解15年间新疆高校医学专业大学生的体质健康动态变化,为医科院校体育教学改革,促进学生体质健康提供数据支持。方法:分析2003—2018年医学专业大学生国家学生体质健康测试资料(以下简称“国测”),并与第六次国家学生体测结果比对。结果:15年间,男、女大学生身高均呈缓慢上升的趋势,分别平均增长2.8cm、1.8cm;男、女大学生体重均值分别为68.1kg、55.6kg,均属正常体重范围,分别增长5.2 kg、3.7 kg;男生肥胖检出率较女生高;男、女生肺活量平均下降418.5ml,男生比国测良好水平(4300 ml)低836ml,女生比国测良好水平(3000 ml)低576ml;男、女生1000m和800m跑用时分别比国测良好水平多20.7s、8s;男生引体向上增长1.5个,但比国测良好水平15个少9.4个;女生仰卧起坐增长5.2个,但比国测良好水平46个少14个;男、女生坐位体前屈接近国测良好水平;男、女生立定跳远均值分别为214.8cm、158.4cm,比国测良好水平少33.2cm、22.6cm。结论:15年间,新疆高校医学专业大学生身体形态发育呈现提高的趋势,但心肺耐力、力量素质并没有随身体发育而呈现增长的趋势,与全国良好水平尚存在差距,存在一定的亚健康隐患,学生体质健康状况还不能完全适应医疗从业人员要求,学校应在体育教学和健康教育中予以解决。

Objective:To understand the dynamic changes of physical health of medical college students in Xinjiang region during 15 years and to provide data support for the reform of physical education teaching in medical universities and to promote medical students physical health.Methods:The National Student Physical Health Test data of medical college students from 2003 to 2018(hereinafter referred to as the national level)were analyzed and compared with the results of the Sixth National Student Physical Health Test.Results:The height of the male and female college students from 2003 to 2018 presents a slowly increasing tendency,with an average increase of 2.8cm and 1.8cm respectively.The mean value of the weight of the male college students is 68.1 kg and that of the female college students is 55.6kg,both within the normal weight range.Increased by 5.2kg and 3.7kg respectively,the detection rate of obesity in male college students is higher than that of the female college students.The vital capacity of the male and female college students undergoes an average decrease of 418.5ml with the vital capacity of the male is 836ml below the national level(4300ml)and that of the female is 576ml below the national level(3000ml).The time of the male s 1000-meter running is 20.7s above the national level and that of the female s 800-meter running is 8s above the national level.The number of pull-up of the male students is 1.5 more,but is 9.4 below the national level(15);The number of sit-up of the female students increases 5.2,but is 14 below the national level(46);The number of sit-and-reach of the male and female students approaches the national level.The mean value of standing long jump is 214.8cm for the male students and 158.4cm for the female,33.2cm and 22.6cm below the national level respectively.Conclusion:During the 15 years,the physical development of medical students showed an increasing trend.However,the cardiopulmonary endurance,strength and quality did not show an increasing trend with physical development,and there is still a gap with the national level of excellence.The certain sub-health risks still exist.Students physical health can not meet the requirements of medical practitioners and medical colleges should solve it in physical education and health education.