市场产业部门:深圳高新区走出的另类国家创新道路

Branch of Governing Industry for Market:A New National Innovation Way Traced by Shenzhen High-Tech Zone

在市场与国家理论所描绘的两种科技创新产业愿景中,选择通过建立高新区以走国家创新道路的中国,因为国家高新区整体陷入"地方独大"型治理结构而实际上面临"高增长、低创新"的尴尬困境。然而,作为国家高新区一员的深圳高新区,却出乎意料地交出了一份"高增长、高创新"的优秀答卷。究其原因,发现深圳高新区的成功源于其施行的"市场产业部门"模式,即以一个剥离财税冲动的"条"状管理主体,去实施以发挥市场驱动机制为内核的产业政策。这在理论上既挑战了"地方独大"型治理结构说所蕴含的决定论色彩,还试图以深圳高新区经验建构一个可能融合市场与国家创新学派优势的混合性概念;而在实践上,其应当也能为中国国家高新区走出低创新困境提供一些启发。

Two kinds of theories for innovation,emphasizing function of state or market,offer different practical ways for innovation to countries in the world.China’s option is the former,seeking to improve capacity of innovation through establishing national high-technology zones(NHTZs).However,something awkward happens in this plan because NHTZs just get rapid economic growth but little outcome of innovation,which results from NHTZs embedded in local government’s incentive for developing the economy.Surprisingly,as one of the NHTZs,Shenzhen High-Technology Zone achieves double goals of economy and innovation.After exploring the outlier,this paper finds a special model in Shenzhen High-Technology Zone,which administrative organization keeps branch type without incentive for taxation,and implements industry policy driving for market mechanism.It is not only challenging above findings about NHTZs,but also helpful to construct mixed theory including state and market.In practice,it may give an effective way to let other NHTZs go out dilemma of low innovation.