论宋人学杜的阶段性及其特征

The Characteristics and Periods of People in the Song Dynasty in Learning from Du Fu

宋人诗歌创作学习杜甫,在不同阶段各具特征。北宋初期是学杜的初始期,杜甫在这个时期尚未产生足够的影响。北宋中期是杜诗的广泛影响期,杜甫在诗坛的崇高地位此时得以确立,杜诗产生了较大影响,得到广泛继承和响应。北宋后期是杜诗的艺术继承期,杜甫在这个时期被奉为诗学典范,江西诗派普遍注重借鉴杜甫的艺术成就。南宋前期是学杜的高潮期,这个时期呼吁抗金、叙写离乱、反映爱国情怀的诗歌大量涌现,诗人对杜诗有了更深刻的理解,学杜的成就也最高。南宋后期,诗人学习杜甫的"诗史"精神,用诗歌歌咏和记录亡国的痛苦与悲哀,是以诗存史期。宋人学杜的成就表现在陈与义、陈师道等诗人写出了在内容和风格上极似杜诗的诗歌。但宋代诗人学杜在艺术技巧方面用力太过,大部分诗人并没有真正继承杜诗的精髓,多是得杜之一体。杜诗对宋诗有很大的影响,但宋代并没有出现全面继承杜诗思想内容和艺术风格的诗人。

There are different characteristics in different periods when the poets in the Song Dynasty try to learn something from Du Fu.The early Northern Song Dynasty is the initial period,in which Du Fu has not made enough influence.The mid-Northern Song Dynasty is the period when Du’s poems have made great influence.In this period Du’s status in poetic world is established so that his poems are widely inherited and echoed.The late Northern Song Dynasty is the inheriting period of Du’s poetic art,in which Du is regarded as the poetic model and the poetic group of Jiangxi pays much attention to learn from Du.The early Southern Song Dynasty is the climax in which poems to show resistance,turmoil and patriotism appear in large numbers.The poets in this period have deeper understanding about Du’s poems and learn the most from him.In the late Southern Song Dynasty,poets imitate Du—recording history though poems—and they use poems to reflect the misery and grief of losing their homeland.This is the period to record history with poems.The achievement of Song poets learning from Du is firstly shown by Chen Yuyi and Chen Shidao whose poetic contents and style are quite like Du’s,but most poets focus too much on imitating Du’s artistic technique and have not really inherited Du’s essence and thus have learned little from him.Though Du Fu has great influence on the Song poems,poets who inherit all-roundly Du’s thoughts and artistic style do not appear during Song Dynasty.