COVID-19的流行及研究现状

Current Status of Epidemiology and Research on COVID-19

2019年12月,武汉市发现多例不明原因肺炎病例,随后被证实由一种新型冠状病毒引起。2020年2月11日WHO将该疾病命名为COVID-19(Coronavirus disease 2019)。此后,疫情蔓延至全国。全球多个国家和地区也出现了COVID-19。COVID-19主要经呼吸道飞沫和密切接触传播,潜伏期1~14d,多为3~7d,大部分患者症状较轻,少数患者出现呼吸困难和/或低氧血症,甚至进展为急性呼吸窘迫综合征、多器官功能衰竭等。目前尚无针对该疾病的疫苗和特异性治疗药物。本文将从病原学、流行病学、致病机制、预防与治疗等方面对COVID-19进行综述,希望对疫情防控、药物和疫苗研究提供参考。

In December 2019,an increasing number of pneumonia cases of unknown origin occurred in Wuhan,China.This pneumonia was subsequently identified to be caused by a novel coronavirus,and named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).Since then,the epidemic has spread throughout the whole country.Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)also emerged in many other countries and regions around the world.The disease is transmitted mainly through respiratory droplets and close person-to-person contact.The incubation period for an initial COVID-19 infection is generally 1-14 days(3-7 days in most cases).Most patients with COVID-19 have mild symptoms,but some patients become seriously ill and develop dyspnea and/or hypoxemia,even acute respiratory distress syndrome,multiple organ failure,etc.Currently,medication or a vaccine for COVID-19 is lacking.Here,we summarize the biology,epidemiology,pathogenesis,prevention and treatment of COVID-19.In this way,we hope to provide comprehensive reference of COVID-19,as well as help for disease prevention and control,drug and vaccine development.