明代纪年墓出土青白釉瓷器初步研究

A Study of Bluish White Porcelain Excavated from Dated Ming Tombs

青白釉瓷器是景德镇窑宋元时期主要瓷器品种,发展至明代已经呈现衰微之势,但墓葬、遗址、窑址等考古资料证明,青白釉瓷器在明代并没有戛然而止,而是延续着一定的烧造规模和数量,生产中心仍在景德镇地区,辐射周边多个地区。明代青白釉瓷器的器型、纹饰都相当丰富,一方面继承宋元以来烧造传统,另一方面也在积极创造新风格,提高工艺水平,创新装饰方法。本文通过对明代纪年墓出土青白釉瓷器的梳理,对明代青白釉瓷器的器型、纹饰进行了整理,并做初步分期研究。根据纪年墓出土青白釉瓷器的特点和风格,初步将其分为两期,第一期为洪武至正德时期(14世纪中叶-16世纪初),第二期为嘉靖至崇祯时期(16世纪初-17世纪初)。嘉靖以后,青白釉瓷器逐渐退出陶瓷生产的历史舞台。

The bluish white porcelain was the main kind of porcelain in the Jingdezhen kiln during the Song and Yuan dynasties,but it tended to decline in the following ages.Archaeological materials from tombs,ruins and kiln sites show that the bluish white porcelain was produced in a certain scale and quantity in the Ming dynasty;the production center is still in Jingdezhen area which was influencing many surrounding areas.The bluish white porcelain of the Ming dynasty was quite rich in style and decoration.On one hand,it inherited the firing tradition since the Song and Yuan dynasties.On the other hand,it also was active in creating new styles,improving craftsmanship and innovating decorative methods.This article sorts out the bluish white porcelain wares from dated Ming tombs and classifies their patterns and ornaments,then makes a preliminary staging study.According to the characteristics and styles,those porcelain wares could be initially divided into two periods:the first was from the Hongwu to the Zhengde period(from mid-14 th century to early 16 th century),and the second was from the Jiajing to the Chongzhen period(early 16 th century–17 th century).After the Jiajing period,the bluish white porcelain gradually withdrew from the historical stage of ceramic production.