土地改革与人的解放:延安文艺整风中作家习性塑造及其实践差异

Land reform and human liberation:on the differences of writers' habits and practice in Yan'an Literature Rectification--A comparative study of The sun shines on Sanggan Rivery The Tempest and Evil does not oppress justice

延安文学中3部土改题材的中长篇小说:《太阳照在桑干河上》《暴风骤雨》与《邪不压正》,是文艺整风所塑造的文学实践,均涉及到土改运动中阶级关系变革所带来的人的解放,然而表现人的解放的具体情形有着明显差异。《太阳照在桑干河上》在三者之中最全面和深刻地揭示了土改对于有着精神奴役创伤的农民、女性的巨大解放作用,显示出"五四""人的文学"话语与工农兵文学话语的融合。《暴风骤雨》的人的解放主题并不显豁,只是附属于土改过程的展现。《邪不压正》的人的解放主题同样附属于"问题小说"的命意。赵树理对农民的熟悉无意间使得这一主题获得历史的真实性和深刻性。3部小说在人的解放这一主题上的差异可以看做延安文艺整风在他们身上塑造的结果。由于丁玲、周立波与赵树理习性结构差异、所处的文学场域及其占位差异使他们在延安文艺整风过程中的习性重塑也呈现出不同。《太阳照在桑干河上》《暴风骤雨》与《邪不压正》在人的解放主题表现差异便是这种习性重塑差异的外化。

As the literary practice shaped by Yan’an Literature Rectification Movement,all The three novels with the theme of land reform published in 1948--The Sun Shines On Sanggan River,The Tempest and Evil Does Not Oppress Justice--involved the human liberation brought about by the change of class relations in the Land Reform Movement.However,there are still differences among them in the specific situation of human liberation.Among the three,The sun shines on Sanggan River reveals the great emancipation effect of the Land Reform on the peasants and women with the trauma of spiritual slavery.It shows the integration of the discourse of"May4th Movement"and"human literature"with the literary discourse of workers,peasants and soldiers.The theme of human liberation in The Tempest is not obvious and is only attached to the exhibition of the process of Land Reform.The theme of human liberation in Evil Does Not Oppress Justice is also attached to the theme of"problem novel".Zhao Shuli’s familiarity with farmers unintentionally makes this theme obtain historical authenticity and profundity.The difference in the theme of human liberation in the three novels can be seen as the result of Yan’an Literature Rectification.Because of the differences in the habit structure,the literary field and the space occupied by Ding Ling,Zhou Libo and Zhao Shuli,their habit remolding in the process of Yan’an Literature Rectification is also different.The difference of the expression of the theme of human liberation in The Sun Shines On Sanggan River,The Tempest and Evil Does Not Oppress Justice is the externalization of the difference in the reshaping of human habits.