我国保证人重整时的债权人保护探究

Research on Creditor Protection During the Guarantor Reorganization in China

保证之债和破产重整均有债权人利益保护的制度功能,但我国现行法律规范和理论观点对于保证人重整时债权人的特殊法律地位关注不足,因而未形成对债权人利益保护的系统性措施。保证人破产时,债权人利益保护的内容并未直接包含在我国《企业破产法》封闭性的权利保护模型中,而是形成了开放性的债权债务关系网络。《企业破产法》具有明显的模型缺陷,重整效力的封闭性对于债权人同样适用,只是债之消灭的效力范围不延及重整程序之外的人,债权人向其他债务人请求给付的权能并不消灭。从债权具体实现角度来看,连带责任保证和一般保证债权人均有权进行破产债权申报,但基于二者不同的利益保护倾向,应当结合制度目的采用不同的分配策略。

Both the guaranteed debt and bankruptcy reorganization have embodied the system function of protecting the interests of creditors,but the current legal norms and theoretical views in China have not paid enough attention to the special legal status of creditors in the process of guarantor reorganization,so no systematic measures have been taken to protect the interests of creditors.When the guarantor goes bankrupt,the content of creditor’s interest protection is not directly included in the closed right protection model of China’s Enterprise Bankruptcy Law,but an open network of creditor’s right and debt relationship is formed.Enterprise Bankruptcy Lawhas obvious model flaw,and the closeness of reorganization effect is equally applicable to creditors,except that the effect of debt elimination does not extend to those outside the reorganization procedure,and the creditor’ s power to request payment from other debtors is not extinguished.From the perspective of the concrete realization of creditor’s rights,both the joint and several liability guarantee and the general guarantee creditor have the right to declare bankruptcy creditor’s rights,but based on the different interest protection tendency of the two,different allocation strategies should be adopted in combination with the system purpose.