《土壤污染防治法》第四十五条状态责任之立法完善

Research on Legislation Perfection of Status Responsibilityin Article 45 of Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Law

《土壤污染防治法》第四十五条规定了对土壤污染防治的状态责任制度。土壤污染防治责任由传统环境法上的行为中心主义责任转变为行为责任与状态责任并存的二元一体的法律责任,这对于加强环境风险管控,提高土壤污染的治理效率大有裨益。但是该法第四十五条对于土壤污染状态责任的规定并不全面,在实施过程中还存在一些问题,需要从状态责任的主体范围、行为责任人与状态责任人的选择顺序以及状态责任人履行后如何追偿等方面进行完善。

Article 45 of the "Soil Pollution Preventionand Control Law" provides for a status responsibility system for soil pollution prevention and control,which means that the behavior-centered responsibility system in traditional environmental law has transformed into a dual legal responsibility system where behavioral responsibility and status responsibility coexist.This is of great benefit to strengthening the management and control of environmental risks and improving the efficiency of soil pollution control.However,the article on soil pollution Status Responsibility is not comprehensive.There are still some problems in the implementation process which needs to be further improved,such as the scope of the status responsibility body,the order of selection of the behavior responsible person and the status responsible person,and the method of recovery after the state responsible person performs.