嘉靖大同镇兵变问题浅析

Analyses on the Military Mutinies of Datong Town during Jiajing Periond

嘉靖时期的兵变约占整个明代兵变的三分之一,而作为九边重镇之一的大同镇更是兵变频发。大同镇兵变具有自身特点,四次兵变的参与人员广泛,规模大,持续时间长,且最终都以失败告终。大同镇兵变对明朝的统治秩序造成极大冲击,使大同镇乃至全国的经济社会及边防系统遭到严重破坏,对明与蒙古的关系也产生了重大影响。频发的大同镇兵变是封建专制皇权下的必然结果,是嘉靖政府内外交困走向衰落的集中体现,当然也与这一地区素来兵骄难治及被投机者的推动有关。针对兵变问题,嘉靖政府并没有从根本上解决产生这一问题的根源,甚至还留下众多隐患。

During Jiajing period,the military mutinies accounted for nearly one third of the mutinies during Ming Dynasty.Moreover,the Datong town,as one of the important border towns on the Ninth Frontier,suffered from more military mutinies.The characteristics of the mutinies in Datong town were like persons from different classes,large scale,long duration,failure endings.Consequently,The political order of Ming Dynasty was deeply affected;the economy,social life and even frontier defense system were destroyed badly not only in Datong town but in the whole country;the relationship between Ming and Mongolia was influenced widely.The frequent mutinies in Datong town was the inevitable outcome of royal power of the feudal monarchy.Besides,they also represented the decline of Jiajing government,which confronted with the problems occurring at home and abroad.As a matter of fact,the military mutinies also had a close connection with the weak management of the local soldiers and the motivation by speculators.Concerning the causes of the military mutinies,Jiajing government could not basically make a practical solution,leading to varieties of hidden dangers.