规模化奶牛养殖场温室气体排放研究——以山西省某奶牛养殖场为例

基于IPCC《国家温室气体清单指南》(2006)提出的核算方法和我国《工业企业温室气体排放核算和报告通则》(GB/T 32150-2015),对案例奶牛养殖场的温室气体排放情况进行研究。温室气体核算边界主要包括奶牛肠道发酵、奶牛粪便管理、能源消耗和沼气回收利用四方面,温室气体核算类型主要包括CO2,CH4和N2O。通过排放量核算得出,该养殖场每年的温室气体净排放量为-198.01 CO2e;在各排放源中,奶牛肠道甲烷排放是最主要的排放源,粪便管理过程次之,化石燃料排放居第三,电力排放量最低,同时牛粪沼气工程减排效果明显;对不同种类牛个体,排放量从高到低的顺序依次为泌乳牛>干奶牛>青年牛>育成牛>犊牛;对不同牛群,排放量从高到低的顺序依次为青年牛群>泌乳牛群>育成牛群>干奶牛群>群犊牛群。

Greenhouse gas emission amount was accounted according to the accounting method developed by the IPCC“Guide to the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory”(2006)and the standard of“General Guidelines for the Accounting and Reporting of Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Industrial Enterprises”(GB/T 32150-2015).The greenhouse gas accounting boundary mainly includes the intestinal fermentation of dairy cows,dairy manure management,energy consumption,and biogas recycling.The types of greenhouse gas mainly include CO2,CH4,and N2O.The farm’s annual net greenhouse gas emissions are-198.01 tCO2e.Among the various sources,dairy intestinal methane emission is the most important source,followed by the manure management process.The emission from the fossil fuels burning ranked the third,and the emissions from electricity was the lowest.At the same time,the reduction effect of the cow manure biogas project is obvious.For differen cattle individual,the order of emission from high to low is as follows:lactation cow>dry cow>young cow>bred cow>calf.And for different cow herds,the emission order from high to low is as follows:young cows>lactation cows>bred cows>dry cows>calves.