1980-2017年北京地区沙尘天气的变化特征及其可能成因

Variation Characteristics of Sand-dust Weather in Beijing from 1980 to 2017 and Its Possible Causes

利用1980-2017年北京地区沙尘天气、风速、气温和降水资料以及1998-2017年沙源地卫星遥感植被和积雪覆盖资料,研究了北京地区沙尘天气的变化特征及其可能成因。结果表明:北京地区沙尘天气以扬沙和浮尘为主、沙尘暴较少。沙源地植被覆盖状况是北京地区沙尘天气的重要影响因子,沙源地植被指数增加则沙尘天气减少;沙源地冬季积雪覆盖面积增加对北京地区沙尘天气减少具有一定影响。风速和气温是影响北京地区沙尘天气的重要气候因子,起风沙日数减少、气温上升则沙尘天气减少;降水量增加对北京地区沙尘天气减少具有较显著影响。

Based on the data of sand and dust weather,wind speed,temperature and precipitation in Beijing from 1980 to 2017,and the remote sensing vegetation and snow cover data in the sand source region from 1998 to 2017,this paper analyzes the variation characteristics of sand and dust weather in Beijing and its possible causes.Results show that:①The sand and dust weather in Beijing mainly consists of blowing sand and floating dust,with few sandstorms.②The vegetation coverage in the sand source region is an important factor that affects the occurrence of sand and dust weather in Beijing,and the sand and dust weather days decrease with the increase of vegetation index in the sand source region.The increase of winter snow cover area in the sand source region has certain influence on the decrease of sand and dust weather days in Beijing.③Wind speed and temperature are the important climatic factors that affect the sand and dust weather in Beijing,that is,the sand and dust weather days decrease with the decrease of days with wind and sand and the rise of temperature.The increase of precipitation has a significant effect on the decrease of the sand and dust weather in Beijing.