多通道施肥机水力特性及其结构优化研究

Hydraulic characteristics and structure optimization of multi-channels fertilizer machine

针对水肥一体化施肥机精量施肥与应用的要求,开展了多通道施肥机水力特性、结构优化及试验研究。利用FloEFD流体仿真分析软件,对单个射流泵及并联多个射流泵组成的吸肥器进行了流体仿真,通过研究通道数与吸肥量及水力特性对比关系,结合实际应用需求,优选了具有合适吸肥量和较优水力性能的三通道吸肥器并联组合对结构;对三通道并联结构参数进行了优化设计,确定了主管道和3个射流泵之间的合适长度,实现了每通道吸肥量趋于相同,并且吸肥量高于优化前;最后制作样机进行了试验验证。研究结果表明:三通道实验吸肥量相对误差最大为2.57%,吸肥量实验数据与数值模拟数据的误差小于5%,在合理范围内;样机长时间运行具有很好的稳定性。

Aiming at the precise fertilization requirements of the water-fertilizer integrated fertilizer machine,the hydraulic characteristics,structural optimization and experimental research of the multi-channels fertilizer were carried out.The fluid simulation software FloEFD was used to research the suction amount and hydraulic characteristics of the multi-channels jet suction pump by analyzing the fluid characteristics of single jet pump and multiple jet pumps in parallel.Then three-channels fertilizer absorber combination with the appropriate suction amount and better hydraulic performance was chosen based on the discipline of the number of channels,the suction amount and the hydraulic characteristics.The structural parameters of three-channels fertilizer absorber were optimized for the same suction amount of per channel and higher than before optimization,in which the proper length between the main pipe and the three jet pumps were determined.At last the prototype was developed for experiments.The experimental results indicate that the maximum relative error of the three-channels experimental suction amount is 2.57%,and the error of the suction amount between the experimental data and the numerical simulation data is less than 5%within a reasonable range,meanwhile the prototype has good stability for long-term operation.