规训与惩戒:新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情背景下的身体规训与认知转向

Discipline and Punishment: Body Discipline and Cognitive Turn Under the Background of COVID-19 Pandemic

采用虚拟民族志与传统民族志相结合的研究方法对新型冠状病毒疾疫期间民众的身体规训及认知转向进行研究,认为:1)疾疫所带来的外界环境改变直接作用于民众感知,积极的体育健身活动成为危机应对策略之一,居家健身潮引发身体启蒙运动;2)"功能性社会"下的符码操持,权力对身体的规训呈现隐蔽性是身体启蒙的表征;伴随着身体的觉醒身体认知呈现技术化、理性化与符号化转向;3)权力符号在场的暴力隐喻为身体规训与启蒙创造前提条件,疾疫期间的人际隔离及身体的规训是通过具有Charisma权威特质的社会精英呼吁,在自上而下"执行"和自下而上"检阅"机制互构之下,规训转变成一种激励机制和主动力量作用于个体得以实现;4)疾疫期间体育精英基于自我表达、社会角色期许、个体精致化符号表达以及人际互动等多元动机的需要所做出的印象整饰,在带动居家健身潮兴起的同时,拓展了健身技术和健身运营商业模式的新空间;5)疾疫凸显生命教育的重要性,体育从属于生命教育是新时代的需求和呼唤。生命、生存以及生活的"三生教育"是对身体的知识、身体活动的知识以及身体活动的价值判断3个身体认知理论的进一步拓展;6)疾疫期间的身体规训在有效抵御病毒传播的同时也兼具人际信任、冷漠等危机风险,体育可作为后疾疫时代消弭风险的重要手段之一。

In this paper, the body discipline and cognitive turn of the people during the COVID-19 pandemic were studied by the method of combining virtual ethnography with traditional ethnography. The results showed that: 1) The change of the external environment caused by the pandemic directly affects the public perception, active physical exercise becomes one of the strategies to deal with the crisis, home-based fitness tide leads to the Body Enlightenment Movement;2) under the code manipulation of the "Functional Society", the concealment of power on the discipline of body is the token of the body enlightenment;accompanied by the awakening of the body, the body cognition presents the turn of technology, rationality and symbolization;3) the metaphor of violence in the presence of power symbols creates preconditions for body discipline and enlightenment;during the pandemic, interpersonal isolation and body discipline are realized through the interaction of Charisma’s authority, the appeal of social elites, and the interaction of top-down "execution" and bottom-up "review" mechanism, discipline is transformed into an incentive mechanism and an active force acting on individuals;4) during the pandemic period, the sports elites made the impression management based on the needs of self-expression, social role expectation, individual refined symbolic expression and the multiple motivation of interpersonal interaction, which drives the rise of the home-based fitness trend, also expands the new space of fitness technology and fitness operation business model;5) the pandemic highlights the importance of life education, physical education is subordinate to life education and is the demand and call of the new era;the Sansheng education of "life", "survival" and "live" is the further development of three theories of body cognition: body knowledge, body activity knowledge and value judgment of body activity;and 6) the body discipline during the pandemic can effectively resist the spread of the virus, but also have interpersonal trust, indifference and other crisis risks;sports can be one of important means to eliminate the risk of post-pandemic era.