三种划分标准下城市居民居家体育锻炼方式的抉择——基于突发公共卫生事件

Choice of the Way of Home-Based Exercise for Urban Residents Under Three Classification Criteria——Based on Public Health Emergencies

突发公共卫生事件对人们的身心健康会造成巨大的威胁,具有高度的危害性特点。为了有效应对当前和今后突发公共卫生事件,从体育锻炼方面,对类似事件的应急处理机制进行探讨,为合理选择体育锻炼方式提供依据。按照3种划分标准对社会成员选择体育锻炼方式进行分析,研究结果表明:运动基础较差者应以小强度练习为基本原则,以克服自身体重的有氧锻炼为主;运动基础一般和运动基础良好的居民应采用少次的接近自身极限的锻炼方式;儿童少年应以发展全面身体素质为主;青壮年以中等强度负荷练习为主,偶尔采用接近自身极限的锻炼方式;中年人以中等强度的有氧运动为主,辅以一定的力量练习;老年人应主要进行有氧练习和肌力练习;残疾人在家中可进行素质练习,以力量、协调以及柔韧素质练习较为恰当;亚健康人群可以根据自己的爱好,选择有氧练习、力量练习和休闲锻炼3种;在居家特殊情况下,健康人群应以缓解焦虑、抑郁、促进心理健康为主要目的,选择中等强度的锻炼方式。

Public health emergencies are highly harmful and pose a great threat to people’s health. In order to effectively deal with the current and future public health emergencies, this study discussed the emergency response mechanism of similar events from the aspect of physical exercise, so as to provide a basis for the rational selection of physical exercise ways. In this study, according to three classification criteria, the way of physical exercise chosen by social members was analyzed. The results showed that: People with poor sports foundation should take small intensity exercise as the basic principle and take bodyweight aerobic exercise as the main one;residents with general sports foundation and good sports foundation should take a few sub maximum intensity exercises;children should mainly develop overall physical fitness;young adults should mainly practice with moderate intensity, and occasionally adopt the maximum intensity exercise;middle-aged people should mainly exercise with moderate intensity, supplemented by certain strength training;the elderly should mainly practice with aerobic exercise and muscle strength exercise;the disabled people can carry out fitness exercise at home, such as strength, coordination and flexibility;the sub-healthy people can choose aerobic exercise, strength exercise and leisure exercise according to their hobbies;and in the special circumstances of home, the healthy people should choose moderate intensity exercise mode with the main purpose of relieving anxiety, depression and promoting mental health.