心理弹性、共情疲劳对急诊科护士离职意愿的影响

Effect of psychological resilience and empathic fatigue on nurses'turnover intention in emergency department

目的探讨急诊科护士心理弹性、共情疲劳和离职意愿的关系。方法采用便利抽样法,2018年11月至2019年1月以全国19个省、自治区、直辖市的28所二级及以上医院的957名急诊科护士为研究对象,采用Connor-Davidson弹性量表、专业生活质量量表、离职意愿量表对其心理弹性、共情疲劳和离职意愿情况进行调查。结果急诊科护士离职意愿总分为(13.8±2.2)分,总均分为(2.3±0.4)分;心理弹性总分为(23.5±7.0)分,总均分为(2.4±0.7)分;70.8%的护士处于中、重度共情疲劳。离职意愿与心理弹性呈负相关(P<0.05),与共情疲劳呈正相关(P<0.05),心理弹性与共情疲劳呈负相关(P<0.05)。层次回归分析结果提示共情疲劳和心理弹性可解释离职意愿总变异的10.0%。结论急诊科护士心理弹性较低,共情疲劳、离职意愿较高;护理管理者可通过提高心理弹性来减轻同情疲劳,从而降低离职意愿。

Objective To explore the relationship among the psychological resilience,empathy fatigue and turnover intention of nurses in emergency department.Methods By using a convenience sampling method,we selected 957 nurses in emergency department from 28 second-level and above hospitals in 19 provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities across the country from November 2018 to January 2019 as the study subjects,and the Connor-Davidson resilience scale,professional living quality scale,turnover intention scale were used to investigate their psychological resilience,empathy fatigue and turnover intention.Results The total score of nurses’turnover intention in emergency department was(13.8±2.2)points,the total average score was(2.3±0.4)points,the psychological resilience score was(23.5±7.0)points,the total average score was(2.4±0.7)points,and 70.8%of nurses were in moderate or severe empathic fatigue.The turnover intention was negatively correlated with psychological resilience(P<0.05),the positively correlated with empathic fatigue(P<0.05),and the psychological resilience was negatively correlated with empathic fatigue(P<0.05).The results of hierarchical regression analysis revealed that empathic fatigue and psychological resilience can explain 10.0%of the total variation of turnover intention.Conclusion Nurses in the emergency department had low psychological resilience,high empathic fatigue and turnover intention.Nursing managers can reduce empathic fatigue by improving psychological resilience,thereby reducing their turnover intention.