民俗体育文化的生态适应:基于桂东南“舞犀”变迁的论析

Ecological Adaptation of Folk Sports Culture:Based on the Change of"Rhinoceros Dance"in Southeast Guangxi

采用文献资料法和田野调查法对舞犀民俗体育文化的变迁及其“文化-生态”适应进行了研究。结果表明:“文化-生态”适应既包括其在文化生态系统中的稳定性,又暗含推动文化变迁的动力机理;舞犀的文化变迁经历了刻烙原始生计特征的拟犀舞、富含乐舞艺术元素的犀舞、充斥“象”文化基调的舞犀三个阶段;舞犀的文化变迁既包括以生产方式变革主导的功能生态位异化所导致的“文化-社会生态”适应的纵向变迁,又包括以犀牛灭绝为动因的资源生态位异化所推动的“文化-自然生态”适应的横向变迁;同时为南狮起源的研究提供了视角。

This paper uses the methods of documentation and field investigation to study the evolution process and“culture-ecology”adaptation of the rhinoceros dance culture.The results show that the“culture-ecology”adaptation not only includes culture stability in the ecosystem,but also implies the dynamic mechanism to promote cultural changes.The cultural change of the rhinoceros dance has experienced Rhinoceros-like Dance with the original livelihood characteristics,Rhinoceros Domestication rich in musical and dance arts,Rhinoceros Dance full of“image”culture.The cultural change of Rhinoceros Dance includes not only the vertical change of“culture-social ecology”adaptation caused by the dissimilation of functional ecological niche led by the transformation of production mode,but also the horizontal change of“culture-natural ecology”adaptation driven by resource niche alienation motivated by rhino extinction.It also provides perspectives for the study of the origin of the southern lion.