颌骨组织工程支架材料机械强度增强方法研究进展

Research progress in mechanical strength enhancement methods of jaw tissue engineering scaffolds

骨组织工程作为治疗口腔颌面部外伤、炎症和肿瘤等引起的颌骨缺损的新兴方式,因其材料来源广泛、免疫排斥风险低及可个性化治疗的优点,是近年来研究的热点。但由于口腔颌面部咀嚼、表情等功能性活动,对支架的机械强度具有较高要求。本文对近年增强颌骨组织工程支架材料机械强度方面的研究进行归纳、总结,综述了增强颌骨支架机械强度的方法。研究结果显示,用于增强颌骨组织工程支架机械强度的方法主要有复合改性法、交联法、涂层、仿生支架和其他新型加工方式。其中复合改性研究最早,虽然过程简单但引入其他物质增加降解产物,需调控其复合比例;交联法因交联剂的使用存在细胞毒性风险;涂层法不改变原支架基础结构仅做表面改性,如克服界面间应力集中问题可更好地应用;仿生支架和微观调控支架是近年新兴的技术,能够改善材料内部分子排列方式,从而增强机械强度。因此,在完善传统方式的基础上,未来的研究重点将转向纳米级新材料、仿生支架及对支架微观结构精确控制的新方法等方面。

Bone tissue engineering,as an emerging method for the treatment of jaw defects caused by oral and maxil-lofacial trauma,inflammation,tumors and other diseases,has been a research hotspot due to its advantages of wide sources of materials,low risk of immune rejection and personalized treatment.However,due to functional activities such as chewing and expression in the oral and maxillofacial regions,the mechanical strength of scaffolds is highly required.A single component of scaffolds can not fully meet the requirements of oral and maxillofacial bone defect repair.In this paper,the methods of strengthening the mechanical strength of jaw bone tissue engineering scaffolds are summarized by summarizing the research on strengthening the mechanical strength of scaffolds in recent years.A review of the literature showed that,composite modification,crosslinking,coating,bionic scaffolding and other new processing methods have been used to enhance the mechanical strength of scaffolds.Among these studies,research on compound modification occurred the earliest.Although this process is simple,other substances have been introduced to increase the num-ber of degradation products,and the compounding ratio needs to be adjusted.The crosslinking method has the risk of cytotoxicity due to the use of crosslinking agents;the coating method does not change the original structure and only changes the surface modification;however,it can be better utilized if the problem of stress concentration between interfaces is solved.Biomimetic scaffolds and microregulatory scaffolds are emerging technologies in recent years that can improve the internal molecular arrangement of materials,thus enhancing mechanical strength.Therefore,on the basis of perfecting the traditional method,future research will focus on new nanoscale materials,bionic scaffolds and new meth-ods for the precise control of scaffold microstructure.