现金直补对不同规模种粮大户经营规模的影响有差异吗

Does the Direct Cash Subsidy have Different Effects on the Operation Scale of Large-scale Grain-production Households of Different Scales?

为了改变农业补贴效果不明显的状况,“三项补贴”改革将农作物良种补贴、种粮农民直接补贴和农资综合补贴合并为农业支持保护补贴,其用于支持粮食适度规模经营的部分往往以现金直补的方式发放。本文在分析农户粮食生产决策行为的基础上,采用Tobit模型对来自于浙江省、湖南省、重庆市的10个县(区)的不同规模种粮大户在现金直补激励下的种植规模的.差异进行实证研究。结果显示,对于种粮大户整体来说,现金直补不能提高其平均经营规模,但不同规模的种粮大户受现金直补的影响有差异,对于规模小于500亩的较小规模户,其粮食种植面积随现金直补标准提高而降低;而对于规模大于500亩的较大规模户,现金直补标准提高促进其经营规模进一步扩大,且规模越大的种粮大户的正向促进作用越明显,影响机制表现为现金直补会资本化为地租,提高的地租成本制约了较小规模种粮大户扩大经营规模的行为,而较大规模的种粮大户可凭借资本实力上的优势提高粮食销售价格,因此扩大经营规模的意愿更强,最终种植规模也更大。

In order to change the situation that the effect of agricultural subsidies is not obvious,"Three Subsidies" reform combined grain direct subsidy,agricultural comprehensive direct subsidy and seed subsidy into the subsidy of agricultural support and protection.The subsidy used to support the scale operation of grain is often distributed in the form of direct cash subsidy.Based on the analysis of farmers’ decision-making behavior in grain production,this paper uses Tobit model to empirically study the difference among large-scale grain-production households of different scales from 10 counties(districts) in Zhejiang,Hunan and Chongqing under the direct cash subsidy incentive.The results showed that cash direct subsidy could not improve the average operation scale of large-scale grain-production households as a whole,but the impact of cash direct subsidy on large-scale grain-production households of different scales was different.For smaller large-scale grain-production households whose scale was less than 500 mu,the area of grain-growing decreased with the increase of cash direct subsidy standard;for larger large-scale grain-growing households whose scale was more than 500 mu,the increase of standard of cash direct subsidy can highly promoting the further expansion of its operation scale,and the larger the scale,the more obvious the positive promotion effect of cash direct subsidy on its scale operation.The impact mechanism is that cash direct subsidy will be capitalized into land rent,and the higher rent cost restricts the behavior of smaller large-scale grain-growing households to expand their operation scale,while the larger-scale grain-growing households will rely on their advantages in negotiation power.Land rent cost can be controlled at a lower level,so the willingness to expand the scale of operation is stronger,and the final choice of planting scale is larger.